Main Article Content
Abstract
Pharmacognosy, the science of natural drugs integrates traditional knowledge with modern research to explore the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of natural substances for therapeutic use. Rooted in ancient systems such as Ayurveda, Vedas and Puranas, pharmacognosy has historically documented the medicinal value of numerous plants, animals and minerals. Over time, this discipline has expanded into specialized branches including ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, marine pharmacognosy and molecular pharmacognosy. Its objectives encompass correct identification, cultivation, collection, authentication and standardization of crude drugs, thereby ensuring purity, efficacy and safety. Within the AYUSH system, pharmacognosy plays a vital role in developing pharmacopoeial standards, botanical reference materials and advanced analytical tools such as HPTLC (High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography) and DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) fingerprinting for quality assurance. Modern research areas span nutraceuticals, herbal cosmetics, temple art preservation and synthetic biosimilars, highlighting the diverse applications of natural resources. Supported by institutions such as CSIR laboratories, this field offers vast opportunities in healthcare, industry and global trade. Evolving continuously, pharmacognosy bridges ancient wisdom with cutting-edge molecular and genomic technologies, reinforcing its role in sustainable drug discovery and integrative medicine.