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Abstract
Herbal drugs have gained significant attention for their potential role in managing Type 2 diabetes due to their natural bioactive compounds that can modulate key aspects of the disease, such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Plants like Gymnema sylvestre, Nigella sativa, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Fenugreek, and Bauhinia variegata have shown promising antidiabetic effects through mechanisms such as improving insulin sensitivity, stimulating insulin secretion, enhancing glucose metabolism, and reducing oxidative stress. The active compounds in these herbs—such as flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and polyphenols—have been identified as key contributors to their antidiabetic properties. Clinical studies have provided evidence of their efficacy in lowering blood glucose levels, improving lipid profiles, and promoting overall metabolic control. However, while the therapeutic potential of herbal drugs is encouraging, their use should be approached with caution. Variations in the quality, standardization, and dosage of herbal preparations require further investigation. Additionally, more clinical trials are needed to fully assess the long-term safety, efficacy, and optimal use of these herbal treatments. In conclusion, herbal drugs offer a complementary approach in diabetes management, and when used in conjunction with conventional therapies and lifestyle changes, they may enhance glycemic control and contribute to better overall health outcomes for individuals with diabetes.
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References
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- 8. Sun, H., Saeedi, P., Karuranga, S., Pinkepank, M., Ogurtsova, K., Duncan, B. B., Magliano, D. I.. IDF diabetes Atlas: Global, regional, and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2021; 175, 108773
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- 11. Blevins SM, Leyva MJ, Brown J, et al. Effect of cinnamon on glucose and lipid levels in non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2007; 30(9): 2236-2237
- 12. Bamosa AO, Kameshwar V, Al-Saif M, et al. Effect of Nigella sativa seed oil on glycemic control and lipoprotein levels in Type 2 diabetes patients. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 2010; 18(3): 171-177
- 13. Chatterjee P, Mishra B, Sahoo S, et al. Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of Bauhinia variegata leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2012; 2(2): 91-95
- 14. Sharma, S., Singh, A., & Tiwari, S. Gymnema sylvestre: A potential herbal therapeutic agent for Type 2 diabetes." Journal of Diabetes Research, 2013, Article ID 742114
References
1. International Diabetes Federation. "IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th Edition." IDF, 2021.
2. World Health Organization. "Diabetes." WHO, 2021. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes
3. World Health Organization. "Global Report on Diabetes." WHO, 2016. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/204871
4. Gould, L; Richeson, W; and Erickson, F., 1991, “Performance Evaluation of a Camless Engine Using Valve Actuation with Programmable Timing,” SAE Paper No. 910450.
5. American Diabetes Association. "Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes." Diabetes Care, 2023. Available at: https://diabetesjournals.org/care
6. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. "Types of Diabetes." NIH, 2021.
7. Saeedi, P., Petersohn, I., Salpea, P., Malanda, B., Karuranga, S., Unwin, N., ... & Williams, R. (2019). Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 157, 107843
8. Sun, H., Saeedi, P., Karuranga, S., Pinkepank, M., Ogurtsova, K., Duncan, B. B., Magliano, D. I.. IDF diabetes Atlas: Global, regional, and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2021; 175, 108773
9. Davies MJ, D'Alessio DA, Fradkin J, et al. "Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2018: A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)." Diabetes Care, 2018
10. Sreenivasan S, Gnanapragasam A, Shyamala M, et al. Antidiabetic potential of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) in Type 2 diabetic patients. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 2011; 5(9): 173-177
11. Blevins SM, Leyva MJ, Brown J, et al. Effect of cinnamon on glucose and lipid levels in non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2007; 30(9): 2236-2237
12. Bamosa AO, Kameshwar V, Al-Saif M, et al. Effect of Nigella sativa seed oil on glycemic control and lipoprotein levels in Type 2 diabetes patients. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 2010; 18(3): 171-177
13. Chatterjee P, Mishra B, Sahoo S, et al. Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of Bauhinia variegata leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2012; 2(2): 91-95
14. Sharma, S., Singh, A., & Tiwari, S. Gymnema sylvestre: A potential herbal therapeutic agent for Type 2 diabetes." Journal of Diabetes Research, 2013, Article ID 742114