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Abstract
Natural colorants made from plants, animals, and minerals were the main source for dyeing and printing for thousands of years. Due to their consistency and cost, synthetic dyes gradually took over the market, but their use has resulted in serious health hazards, including mutagenic and carcinogenic consequences, as well as environmental damage. This has led to a resurgence of interest in natural, environmentally friendly substitutes, especially in the textile and cosmetic sectors.
The peels of pomegranates (*Punica granatum L.) contain important tannins and the coloring agent granatonine, making them a powerful natural dye source. According to research, ethanol water solutions can be used to successfully extract crude dye from pomegranate peels, which can then be refined for use on silk and leather. Sustainable colouration with increased fastness can be attained by optimising dyeing parameters like temperature, duration, and pH and by using natural mordants and fixing agents like gum rosin.