Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular health in young adults has become a growing concern due to the rising incidence of heart-related events in individuals under 45 years. Lifestyle factors such as obesity, smoking, sedentary behavior, poor sleep, chronic stress, and excessive alcohol consumption have been identified as major contributors.
Method: A prospective observational study was conducted on 110 young adult cardiac patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Data were collected from admission through follow-up using a structured proforma and patient case files. Information was compiled in Microsoft Excel and analyzed with descriptive statistical methods. Results were expressed using frequency tables and graphical representation.
Results: Among the 110 patients, the majority were males aged 25–50 years. Most patients were literate and employed. Common presenting symptoms included shortness of breath, chest pain, palpitations, weakness, and fatigue. Hypertension was the leading comorbidity, followed by type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, and obstructive sleep apnea. Obesity was documented in 59 patients, and 27% led sedentary lifestyles. Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease (CRHD) was the most common cardiac diagnosis, followed by various forms of coronary artery disease (CAD), systemic hypertension, and valvular disorders. Lifestyle habits such as smoking and alcohol use were also evident in a subset of patients.
Conclusion: The study highlights the alarming prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in young adults, with unhealthy lifestyle choices strongly influencing disease onset. Interventions focusing on smoking cessation, moderation of alcohol intake, weight management, regular physical activity, and control of comorbidities are critical. Early adoption of healthy habits can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and improve long-term outcomes.