Main Article Content
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a very rare immune mediated disorder which is associated with demyelination of peripheral nervous system and progressive muscle weakness that occurs mostly in previously healthy individuals. Guillain-Barré Syndrome is a life-threatening, demyelinating, autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system attacks the myelin of the peripheral nervous system. Guillain-Barré Syndrome is characterized by ascending motor weakness and acute fl accid paralysis. Demyelination results in nerve infl ammation, numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, structural damage to the myelin sheath, and possible respiratory system complications. Treatment is largely restricted to general supportive measures, Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) and Plasma Exchange (PLEX), with no current role for oral or intravenous corticosteroids in clinical practice. Several validated prognostic-scoring systems, which can predict the probability of long-term residual disability, may assist in targeting intensive therapies to high-risk patient groups. The aim of this article is to provide a practical overview of GBS, with particular emphasis on the clinical presentation, investigation and management of this important spectrum of neurological condition.
Keywords
Guillian- Barre Syndrome
Plasma Exchange
Corticosteroids
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Article Details
How to Cite
A Comprehensive Review on Guillain-barre Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management. (2025). International Journal of Research in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics, 14(2), 511-517. https://ijrpp.com/ijrpp/article/view/711
How to Cite
A Comprehensive Review on Guillain-barre Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management. (2025). International Journal of Research in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics, 14(2), 511-517. https://ijrpp.com/ijrpp/article/view/711
References
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1. Chang KH, Chuang TJ, Lyu RK, Long R, Yih W, Hong C, Chin H, Hung K, Wen H, Chun C, 1.Chiung C. Identifi cation of gene networks and pathways associated with guillain-barré syndrome. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(1):e29506. https://tinyurl.com/2pfebsyr
2. Dalakas MC. Guillain-Barré syndrome: The fi rst documented COVID-19–triggered autoimmune neurologic disease. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinfl ammation. 2020;7(5):e781. doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000000781
3. E Zarei, Z Joudaki, H Dinari, S Hajisadeghi, A Namazi, Computed tomography lung lesions in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: Asystematic Review and metanalysis, International journal of special Education,2022,37(3),1269112699
4. E Zarei, Z Haddadian, A Rostami, E Mohammadzadeh, A Abdolhoseini, Lung imaging features in covid-19 cases: a systematic review and metaanalusis, International journal of special Education,2022,37(3),12626-12637
5. E Zarei,et al. Effectivness of pelvic ultrasonography in Diagnosis of central precocious puberty and its Diffrentiation from similar condition, Iran J Radiol,2022,19(4),1-1
6. Dhadke SV, Dhadke VN, Bangar SS, Korade MB. Clinical profile of Guillain-Barre syndrome. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India. 2013;61(3):168- 72
7. Manorenj S, Inturi S, Jyotsna B, Arelli D, Reddy OB, Pancheti N. Guillain-Barré syndrome: Clinical profile and Consensus to revise Hughes grade 5. International Journal of Medicine and Public Health. 2016;6(4)
8. Gu Y, Menzies AM, Long GV, Fernando SL, Herkes G. Immune mediated neuropathy following checkpoint immunotherapy. J Clin Neurosci. 2017;45:14-17. doi :10.1016/j.jocn.2017.07.014
9. Haymaker W, Kebnohan JW. The Landry- Guillain- Barré syndrome: a clinicopathologic report of fifty fatal cases and a critique of the literature. Medicine. 1949;28(1):59.
10. Súkeníková L, Mallone A, Schreiner B, Ripellino P, Nilsson J, Stoffel M, Ulbrich SE, Sallusto F, Latorre D. Autoreactive T cells target pe-ripheral nerves in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Nature 2024;626:160–168. doi:10.10 38/s41586- 023- 0 6916-6,
11. Haymaker W, Kebnohan JW. The Landr y- Guillain- Bar ré syndrome: a clinicopathologic report of fifty fatal cases and a critique of the literature. Medicine. 1949;28(1):59.
12. Súkeníková L, Mallone A , Schreiner B, R ipellino P, Nilsson J, Stoffel M, Ulbrich SE, Sallusto F, Latorre D. Autoreactive T cells target pe-ripheral nerves in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Nature 2024;626:160–168. d oi:10.10 38/s41586- 023- 0 6916- 6.
13. G riffin JW, Li CY, Macko C, et al. Early nodal changes in the acute motor axonal neuropathy pattern of the Guillain- Barré syndrome. J Neurocytol. 1996;25(1):33-51. doi:10.1007/BF0228 4784
References
1. Chang KH, Chuang TJ, Lyu RK, Long R, Yih W, Hong C, Chin H, Hung K, Wen H, Chun C, 1.Chiung C. Identifi cation of gene networks and pathways associated with guillain-barré syndrome. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(1):e29506. https://tinyurl.com/2pfebsyr
2. Dalakas MC. Guillain-Barré syndrome: The fi rst documented COVID-19–triggered autoimmune neurologic disease. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinfl ammation. 2020;7(5):e781. doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000000781
3. E Zarei, Z Joudaki, H Dinari, S Hajisadeghi, A Namazi, Computed tomography lung lesions in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: Asystematic Review and metanalysis, International journal of special Education,2022,37(3),1269112699
4. E Zarei, Z Haddadian, A Rostami, E Mohammadzadeh, A Abdolhoseini, Lung imaging features in covid-19 cases: a systematic review and metaanalusis, International journal of special Education,2022,37(3),12626-12637
5. E Zarei,et al. Effectivness of pelvic ultrasonography in Diagnosis of central precocious puberty and its Diffrentiation from similar condition, Iran J Radiol,2022,19(4),1-1
6. Dhadke SV, Dhadke VN, Bangar SS, Korade MB. Clinical profile of Guillain-Barre syndrome. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India. 2013;61(3):168- 72
7. Manorenj S, Inturi S, Jyotsna B, Arelli D, Reddy OB, Pancheti N. Guillain-Barré syndrome: Clinical profile and Consensus to revise Hughes grade 5. International Journal of Medicine and Public Health. 2016;6(4)
8. Gu Y, Menzies AM, Long GV, Fernando SL, Herkes G. Immune mediated neuropathy following checkpoint immunotherapy. J Clin Neurosci. 2017;45:14-17. doi :10.1016/j.jocn.2017.07.014
9. Haymaker W, Kebnohan JW. The Landry- Guillain- Barré syndrome: a clinicopathologic report of fifty fatal cases and a critique of the literature. Medicine. 1949;28(1):59.
10. Súkeníková L, Mallone A, Schreiner B, Ripellino P, Nilsson J, Stoffel M, Ulbrich SE, Sallusto F, Latorre D. Autoreactive T cells target pe-ripheral nerves in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Nature 2024;626:160–168. doi:10.10 38/s41586- 023- 0 6916-6,
11. Haymaker W, Kebnohan JW. The Landr y- Guillain- Bar ré syndrome: a clinicopathologic report of fifty fatal cases and a critique of the literature. Medicine. 1949;28(1):59.
12. Súkeníková L, Mallone A , Schreiner B, R ipellino P, Nilsson J, Stoffel M, Ulbrich SE, Sallusto F, Latorre D. Autoreactive T cells target pe-ripheral nerves in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Nature 2024;626:160–168. d oi:10.10 38/s41586- 023- 0 6916- 6.
13. G riffin JW, Li CY, Macko C, et al. Early nodal changes in the acute motor axonal neuropathy pattern of the Guillain- Barré syndrome. J Neurocytol. 1996;25(1):33-51. doi:10.1007/BF0228 4784
2. Dalakas MC. Guillain-Barré syndrome: The fi rst documented COVID-19–triggered autoimmune neurologic disease. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinfl ammation. 2020;7(5):e781. doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000000781
3. E Zarei, Z Joudaki, H Dinari, S Hajisadeghi, A Namazi, Computed tomography lung lesions in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: Asystematic Review and metanalysis, International journal of special Education,2022,37(3),1269112699
4. E Zarei, Z Haddadian, A Rostami, E Mohammadzadeh, A Abdolhoseini, Lung imaging features in covid-19 cases: a systematic review and metaanalusis, International journal of special Education,2022,37(3),12626-12637
5. E Zarei,et al. Effectivness of pelvic ultrasonography in Diagnosis of central precocious puberty and its Diffrentiation from similar condition, Iran J Radiol,2022,19(4),1-1
6. Dhadke SV, Dhadke VN, Bangar SS, Korade MB. Clinical profile of Guillain-Barre syndrome. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India. 2013;61(3):168- 72
7. Manorenj S, Inturi S, Jyotsna B, Arelli D, Reddy OB, Pancheti N. Guillain-Barré syndrome: Clinical profile and Consensus to revise Hughes grade 5. International Journal of Medicine and Public Health. 2016;6(4)
8. Gu Y, Menzies AM, Long GV, Fernando SL, Herkes G. Immune mediated neuropathy following checkpoint immunotherapy. J Clin Neurosci. 2017;45:14-17. doi :10.1016/j.jocn.2017.07.014
9. Haymaker W, Kebnohan JW. The Landry- Guillain- Barré syndrome: a clinicopathologic report of fifty fatal cases and a critique of the literature. Medicine. 1949;28(1):59.
10. Súkeníková L, Mallone A, Schreiner B, Ripellino P, Nilsson J, Stoffel M, Ulbrich SE, Sallusto F, Latorre D. Autoreactive T cells target pe-ripheral nerves in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Nature 2024;626:160–168. doi:10.10 38/s41586- 023- 0 6916-6,
11. Haymaker W, Kebnohan JW. The Landr y- Guillain- Bar ré syndrome: a clinicopathologic report of fifty fatal cases and a critique of the literature. Medicine. 1949;28(1):59.
12. Súkeníková L, Mallone A , Schreiner B, R ipellino P, Nilsson J, Stoffel M, Ulbrich SE, Sallusto F, Latorre D. Autoreactive T cells target pe-ripheral nerves in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Nature 2024;626:160–168. d oi:10.10 38/s41586- 023- 0 6916- 6.
13. G riffin JW, Li CY, Macko C, et al. Early nodal changes in the acute motor axonal neuropathy pattern of the Guillain- Barré syndrome. J Neurocytol. 1996;25(1):33-51. doi:10.1007/BF0228 4784