Main Article Content
Abstract
Depression, also referred to as depressive disorder, is a severe medical condition that commonly impacts people's Induce emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. Depression is characterized by sadness and/or a loss of interest in past interests. Numerous mental and physical problems can result from it, and it can affect your performance both at work and at home. To treat depressive episodes, different formulations of antidepressants are used. In this study, mice under stress were used to test the antidepressant effects of whole pant Boerhavia erecta L. Ethanolic extracts of the entire plant Boerhavia erecta L. contain alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic content, according to phytochemical analysis. All five extracts Petroleum Ether, Chloroform, Acetone, Ethanol, and Water were subjected to antioxidant activity tests after phytochemical analysis. based on screening for phytochemicals. The tail suspension test and the forced swim test were used to measure the behavioral parameters of both extracts. EEBE (200 mg/kg) and EEBE (400 mg/kg) along with imipramine (0.5 mg/kg) were used as standard, according to the results of several animal models. Lastly, a histopathological analysis was also conducted to determine the organ toxicity in animals that had been given drugs. The use of Boerhavia erecta L. as a whole plant to treat various depressive episodes is strongly supported and justified by this study.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- 1. Determinants of Depression. A Review of Recent Literature.” Brain Science, 2021, Vol.11(12), pp1633.
- 2. B.H. Hidaka, “Depression as a disease of modernity: explanations for increasing prevalence.” Journal of affective disorders, 2012, Vol.140(3), pp205–214.
- 3. D. Umberson, and J.K.Montez, “Social relationships and health: a flashpoint for health policy.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 2010, 51 Sup, ppS54–S66.
- 4. R.C.Kessler, and E.J.Bromet, “The epidemiology of depression across cultures.” Annual Review of Public Health, 2013,Vol.34, pp119-138.
- 5. H.Wang, X.Tian, X.Wang, and Y.Wang, “Evolution and Emerging Trends in Depression Research From 2004 to 2019: A Literature Visualization Analysis.” Front Psychiatry, 2021, Vol.12, pp705-749. 6. The Global Burden of Diseases-2019, “Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019:A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.” Lancet, 2020, Vol.396(10258), pp1204-1222.
- 6. V. Patel D. Chisholm, R. Parikh, F.J. Charlson, L.Degenhardt, T. Dua, A.J.Ferrari, S. Hyman, R. Laxminarayan, C.Levin, C. Lund M.E. Medina Mora, I.Petersen, J.Scott, R.Shidhaye, L. Vijayakumar, G.Thornicroft, and H.Whiteford, “DCP MNS Author Group. Addressing the burden of mental, neurological, and substance use disorders: key messages from Disease Control Priorities,” 3rd edition. Lancet, 2016, Vol.387(10028), pp 1672-85.
- 7. WHO, Depression, 2021, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression. (Accessed on 26.03.2022)
- 8. S. Evans-Lacko S, Aguilar-Gaxiola, S. Chatterji, and G.Thornicroft, “Socio-economic variations in the mental health treatment gap for people with anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders: results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys,” Psychological Medicine, 2018,48(9), pp1560-1571.
- 9. M.L.Wainberg, P.Scorza, J.M. Shultz, L. Helpman, J.J. Mootz, K.A. Johnson, Y. Neria, J.E. Bradford, M.A. Oquendo, and M.R.Arbuckle, “Challenges and Opportunities in Global Mental Health: a Research-to-Practice Perspective,”
- 10. D. de Beurs, C. Bockting, A. Kerkhof, F. Scheepers, R. O'Connor, B. Penninx, and I. van de Leemput. “A network perspective on suicidal behavior: Understanding suicidality as a complex system.” Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 2021,51(1), pp115- 126.
References
1. Determinants of Depression. A Review of Recent Literature.” Brain Science, 2021, Vol.11(12), pp1633.
2. B.H. Hidaka, “Depression as a disease of modernity: explanations for increasing prevalence.” Journal of affective disorders, 2012, Vol.140(3), pp205–214.
3. D. Umberson, and J.K.Montez, “Social relationships and health: a flashpoint for health policy.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 2010, 51 Sup, ppS54–S66.
4. R.C.Kessler, and E.J.Bromet, “The epidemiology of depression across cultures.” Annual Review of Public Health, 2013,Vol.34, pp119-138.
5. H.Wang, X.Tian, X.Wang, and Y.Wang, “Evolution and Emerging Trends in Depression Research From 2004 to 2019: A Literature Visualization Analysis.” Front Psychiatry, 2021, Vol.12, pp705-749. 6. The Global Burden of Diseases-2019, “Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019:A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.” Lancet, 2020, Vol.396(10258), pp1204-1222.
6. V. Patel D. Chisholm, R. Parikh, F.J. Charlson, L.Degenhardt, T. Dua, A.J.Ferrari, S. Hyman, R. Laxminarayan, C.Levin, C. Lund M.E. Medina Mora, I.Petersen, J.Scott, R.Shidhaye, L. Vijayakumar, G.Thornicroft, and H.Whiteford, “DCP MNS Author Group. Addressing the burden of mental, neurological, and substance use disorders: key messages from Disease Control Priorities,” 3rd edition. Lancet, 2016, Vol.387(10028), pp 1672-85.
7. WHO, Depression, 2021, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression. (Accessed on 26.03.2022)
8. S. Evans-Lacko S, Aguilar-Gaxiola, S. Chatterji, and G.Thornicroft, “Socio-economic variations in the mental health treatment gap for people with anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders: results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys,” Psychological Medicine, 2018,48(9), pp1560-1571.
9. M.L.Wainberg, P.Scorza, J.M. Shultz, L. Helpman, J.J. Mootz, K.A. Johnson, Y. Neria, J.E. Bradford, M.A. Oquendo, and M.R.Arbuckle, “Challenges and Opportunities in Global Mental Health: a Research-to-Practice Perspective,”
10. D. de Beurs, C. Bockting, A. Kerkhof, F. Scheepers, R. O'Connor, B. Penninx, and I. van de Leemput. “A network perspective on suicidal behavior: Understanding suicidality as a complex system.” Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 2021,51(1), pp115- 126.