Article Sidebar

Submitted
Mar 25, 2025
Published
Mar 25, 2025
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 31 Download : 12

Main Article Content

Abstract

            Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and complex condition that disrupts how the body breaks down proteins, fats, and sugars. It is described as being incapable of decreasing the blood sugar levels. Type 1 diabetes is caused by β cell failure in the pancreas, whereas type 2 diabetes is caused by insufficient insulin and the body's resistance to it. Diabetes is considered a common disease. There are many drugs and techniques put into practice to control diabetes. The current drugs for diabetes, including insulin and other agents, have some problems. These include needing to be used for a long time, having bad side effects, and being expensive. Due to these problems, people are more likely to look for safer and cheaper medicines, such as plant-based medicines. The plants, which have natural ingredients, are now being studied in research.

Keywords

Diabetes mellitus, Phytochemicals, Anti-diabetic drugs

Article Details

How to Cite
Kuchi Manjeera, Korani Ramya, V. V. Rajesham, & T. Rama Rao. (2025). A review on dicarboxylic acids and their derivatives used to treat diabetes . International Journal of Research in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics, 14(1), 207-215. Retrieved from https://ijrpp.com/ijrpp/article/view/639
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. 1. Rakam Gopi Krisha and Raja Sundararajan. Screening of antioxidant activity of Mucuna pruriens by in vivo model. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2018; 10(1): 523-530.
  2. 2. Malek R, Hannat S, Nechadi A, Mekideche FZ, Kaabeche M. Diabetes, and Ramadan: A multicenter study in the Algerian population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019; 150: 322-330.
  3. 3. Choi YJ, Chung YS. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and bone fragility: Special focus on bone imaging. Osteoporos Sarcopenia. 2016; 2(1): 20-24.
  4. 4. Picke AK, Campbell G, Napoli N, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M. Update on the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on bone metabolism and material properties. Endocr Connect. 2019; 8(3): R55-R70.
  5. 5. Carrillo-Larco RM, Barengo NC, Albitres-Flores L, Bernabe-Ortiz A. The risk of mortality among people with type 2 diabetes in Latin America: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019; 35(4): e3139.
  6. 6. Bharti SK, Krishnan S, Kumar A, Kumar A. Antidiabetic phytoconstituents and their mode of action on metabolic pathways. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2018; 9(3): 81-100. doi: 10.1177/2042018818755019.
  7. 7. Kuchi Manjeera, Raja Sundararajan (2024) Standardization and Phytochemical screening of Abutilon crispum. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 17(4) :1621-1630.
  8. 8. Ong KW, Hsu A, Tan BK. Anti-diabetic and anti-lipidemic effects of chlorogenic acid are mediated by ampk activation. Biochem Pharmacol. 2013; 85(9) :1341–51. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.02.008.
  9. 9. Amin MM, Arbid MS. Estimation of ellagic acid and/or repaglinide effects on insulin signaling, oxidative stress, and inflammatory mediators of liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, and brain in insulin resistant/type 2 diabetic rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2017; 42(2) :181-92. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0429.
  10. 10. Polce SA, Burke C, França LM, Kramer B, de Andrade Paes AM, Carrillo-Sepulveda MA. Ellagic acid alleviates hepatic oxidative stress and insulin resistance in diabetic female rats. Nutrients. 2018; 10(5): 531. doi: 10.3390/nu10050531.
  11. 11. Fatima N, Hafizur RM, Hameed A, Ahmed S, Nisar M, Kabir N. Ellagic acid in Emblica officinalis exerts anti-diabetic activity through the action on β-cells of pancreas. Eur J Nutr. 2017; 56(2) :591-601. doi: 10.1007/s00394-015-1103-y.
  12. 12. Ghorbani A. Mechanisms of antidiabetic effects of flavonoid rutin. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2017; 96: 305-312. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.001.
  13. 13. Ricardo K.F.S., de Oliveira T.T., Jorge Nagem T.J., da Silva Pinto A., Oliveira M.G.A., Soares J.F. Effect of flavonoids morin; quercetin and nicotinic acid on lipid metabolism of rats experimentally fed with triton. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 2001; 44: 263–267. doi: 10.1590/S1516-89132001000300007.
  14. 14. Sreedharan V., Venkatachalam K.K., Namasivayam N. Effect of morin on tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine induced experimental colon carcinogenesis. Investig. New Drugs. 2009; 27: 21-30. doi: 10.1007/s10637-008-9136-1.
  15. 15. Gibbs EM, Stock JL, McCoid SC, Stukenbrok HA, Pessin JE, Stevenson RW, Milici AJ, McNeish JD. Glycemic improvement in diabetic db/db mice by overexpression of the human insulin-regulatable glucose transporter (GLUT4). J Clin Invest. 1995; 95(4): 1512-8. doi: 10.1172/JCI117823.
  16. 16. Rakam Gopi Krishna and Raja Sundararajan. Myocardial Protective Impact of Mucuna pruriens on Isoproterenol Prompted Myocardial Necrosis. USA CODEN: DPLEB4, Scholars Research Library, Der Pharmacia Lettre, 10 [3]: 37-56, (2018).
  17. 17. Kuchi Manjeera, Raja Sundararajan. Toxicity Studies of Abutilon crispum and Indigofera prostrata Whole Plants on Wistar Rats. Tropical journal of Natural Product Research. 2024; 8(11):9073-9078
  18. 18. Carrillo-Larco RM, Barengo NC, Albitres-Flores L, Bernabe-Ortiz A. The risk of mortality among people with type 2 diabetes in Latin America: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019; 35(4): e3139.
  19. 19. Wood PL. Endogenous Anti-Inflammatory Very-Long-Chain Dicarboxylic acids: Potential Chemopreventive Lipids. Metabolites. 2018; 8(4): 76. doi: 10.3390/metabo8040076.
  20. 20. Padayatty SJ, Katz A, Wang Y, et al. Vitamin C as an antioxidant: evaluation of its role in disease prevention. J Am Coll Nutr. 2003; 22: 18-35.
  21. 21. Shi L, Du X, Guo P, Huang L, Qi P, Gong Q. Ascorbic acid supplementation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020; 99(45): e23125. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000023125.
  22. 22. Gęgotek A, Skrzydlewska E. Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ascorbic Acid. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022;11(10):1993. doi: 10.3390/antiox11101993.
  23. 23. Ali, A., Riaz, S., Khalid, W., Fatima, M., Mubeen, U., Babar, Q., Madilo, F. K. (2024). The potential of ascorbic acid in human health against different diseases: an updated narrative review. International Journal of Food Properties, 27(1), 493-515.
  24. 24. Newby G., Hwang J., Koita K., et al. Review of mass drug administration for malaria and its operational challenges. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2015;93(1):125–134. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0254.
  25. 25. V.A.N.V. Haritha, Rakam Gopi Krishna, Alapati Geethika, Boddu Harika, Goppa Saraswathi, Gayakwad Rajeshwar. Phytochemical Screening & Comparative study of different extracts on Antifungal Activity of Neolamarckia cadamba leaf. International Journal of Research in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics. 2024; 13(3): 254-264.
  26. 26. Rakam Gopi Krishna, N. Vinuthna, T. Sushmitha, V. Mounika, T. Manikanta. Extraction, Preliminary Phytochemical Screening & Antibacterial Activity of Terminalia chebula Fruit. International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research. 2024; 12(3): 285-292.
  27. 27. He J, Zhou S, Wang J, Sun B, Ni D, Wu J, Peng X. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative electrospun nanofiber membrane promotes diabetic wound healing via macrophage modulation. J Nanobiotechnology. 2024 Mar 16;22(1):116. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02385-9.
  28. 28. Rakam Gopi Krishna and Kuchi Manjeera. Medicinal Herbs and Phytoconstituents Proved for Anticancer Activity-A Comprehensive Review. Current Trends in Pharmacology and Clinical Trials. 2025; 8(1):1-16.
  29. 29. Saravanan R, Pari L. Succinic acid mono ethyl ester, a novel insulinotropic agent: effect on lipid composition and lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin-nicotin-amide induced type 2 diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2007 Feb;296(1-2):165-76. doi: 10.1007/s11010-006-9312-6.
  30. 30. Rakam Gopi Krishna and Raja Sundararajan. Toxicity studies of Bougainvillea glabra and Mucuna pruriens. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2020; 11(10): 4910-4917.
  31. 31. Feng X, Shang J, Gu Z, Gong J, Chen Y, Liu Y. Azelaic Acid: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2024; 17: 2359-2371. Doi: 10.2147/CCID.S485237.
  32. 32. Hung WH, Chen PK, Fang CW, Lin YC, Wu PC. Preparation and Evaluation of Azelaic Acid Topical Microemulsion Formulation: In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Pharmaceutics. 2021 Mar 19;13(3):410. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030410.
  33. 33. Zhou L., Zhao J., Han M., Ma A., Yang S., Zeng Y., Cheng J. Aspartate Reduces Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis by Suppressing the NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway via Upregulating NS3TP1 Expression. J. Pers. Med. 2023; 13:386. doi: 10.3390/jpm13030386.
  34. 34. Dutta S, Ray S, Nagarajan K. Glutamic acid as anticancer agent: An overview. Saudi Pharm J. 2013 Oct;21(4):337-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2012.12.007. PMID: 24227952; PMCID: PMC3824943.
  35. 35. Kadagoni P, Rakam GK, Rani J, Reddy R, gari SRJ and Kalisetty AS. A Review on Decoding Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Current Scientific Research in Biomedical Sciences. 2024; 6(1): 1-7.
  36. 36. He J, Zhou S, Wang J, Sun B, Ni D, Wu J, Peng X. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative electrospun nanofiber membrane promotes diabetic wound healing via macrophage modulation. J Nanobiotechnology. 2024 Mar 16;22(1):116. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02385-9.
  37. 37. Mcfadden, B. A. & Purohit, S. Itaconate, an isocitrate lyase-directed inhibitor in Pseudomonas indigofera. J. Bacteriol. 1977; 131; 136-144.
  38. 38. Van Acker, H.and Coenye, T. The role of reactive oxygen species in antibiotic-mediated killing of bacteria. Trends Microbiol. 2017; 25: 456-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2016.12.008
  39. 39. Gopi Krishna Rakam, Raja Sundararajan. In vitro antioxidant activity of Bougainvillea glabra and Mucuna pruriens. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020;11(1):806-812.
  40. 40. Kuchi Manjeera, Raja Sundararajan. Standardization and Phytochemical screening of Abutilon crispum. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2024;17(4):1621-1630.