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Abstract

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is defined as an acute PATHOPHYSIOLOGY inflammatory process of the pancreas, with variable involvement of other regional tissues or remote organ systems. Global Burden of Disease study of 2015 has recorded an 8.9 million cases of Pancreatitis in the world with 132,700 deaths. It has been noted that the incidence of AP has been steadily rising during the last decade in developed and developing countries. Acute pancreatitis had an equal distribution between females and males. But, females were two times more likely to have gallstone pancreatitis, alcohol induced pancreatitis was less likely to occur in females.Patients exposed to multiple medications were more likely to develop idiopathic pancreatitis. There are many recognized causes of acute pancreatitis, but gallstones constitute the predominant etiological factor.Acute pancreatitis is less frequently related to chronic use or abuse of alcohol and rarely is secondary to abdominal surgery, diagnostic and/or interventional endoscopic procedures on the abdominal trauma, dyslipidemia, papilla of Vater, or the use of drugs with pancreatic toxicity. Th e diagnosis of AP is most often established by the presence of abdominal pain consistent with the disease, Serum amylase and / or lipase greater than the upper limit of normal and Characteristic findings from abdominal imaging. CECT or MRI imaging is recommended to assess local complications such as pancreatic necrosis. Computed tomography (CT) and MRI are comparable in the early assessment of AP. Three most important issues initially are pain relief, fluid replacement and nutrition. The standard treatment for infected pancreatic necrosis is open or laparoscopic surgical drainage. However, on occasions, percutaneous drainage may work well.

Keywords

Acute pancreatitis (AP), abdominal pain digestive enzymes serum amylase serum lipase Magnetic resonance imaging- MRI pancreatic necrosis gallstones pancreatic toxicity

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How to Cite
Arun Ramachandran, Prof. Dr Ajithbabu T K, & Babin Dhas Reejo. (2021). Acute pancreatitis- A comprehensive review. International Journal of Research in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics, 9(4), 279-284. https://doi.org/10.61096/ijrpp.v9.iss4.2020.279-284