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Abstract
Lung diseases or pulmonary diseases are some of the most common medical conditions in the world. Lung disease affecting airways include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lung disease affecting the air sacs include pneumonia, tuberculosis, pulmonary edema, lung cancer, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumoconiosis. Lung disease affecting the interstitium include interstitial lung disease. Lung diseases affecting blood vessels are pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension. Lung disease affecting the pleura are pleural effusion, mesothelioma. Lung diseases affecting chest wall are obesity hypoventilation syndrome, neuromuscular disorder. Common symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, cough with or without mucous, fever, blood in the sputum, weight loss, fatty stool. Diagnosis include pulmonary function test, chest imaging, thoracoscopy, needle biopsy pleura analysis, bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy and mediastinotomy. Treatment for asthma, copd, pneumonia, bronchitis, include bronchodilators (salbutamol, theophylline), corticosteroids (hydrocortisone, prednisolone), antibiotics (amoxycillin, doxycycline, ciprofloxin, ceftriaxone) incase of tuberculosis medication include AKT3 & AKT4.
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References
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- [9]. World Health Organization. TB/HIV in the South-East Asia Region Status Report. Regional Meeting of National TB Programme Managers, WHO/SEARO, New Delhi, India. Geneva: WHO; 2-5, 2009, 2–3.
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References
[1]. Aaron S., Vandemheen K., Hebert P., Dales R., Stiell I., Ahuja J. Outpatient oral prednisone after emergency treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Eng J Med 348, 2003, 2618–2625
[2]. Albert R., Connett J., Bailey W., Casaburi R., Cooper J., Jr, Criner G. Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations of COPD. N Eng J Med 365, 2011, 689–698
[3]. Albert R., Martin T., Lewis S. Controlled clinical trial of methylprednisolone in patients with chronic bronchitis and acute respiratory insufficiency. Ann Intern Med 92, 1980, 753–758
[4]. Alfageme I., Vazquez R., Reyes N., Muñoz J., Fernández A., Hernández M. Clinical efficacy of anti-pneumococcal vaccination in patients with COPD. Thorax 61, 2006, 189–195
[5]. National Asthma Education Program. Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Bethesda: US Department of Health and Human Services: National Institutes of Health; 2007.
[6]. Greenblatt R, Mansour O, Zhao E, Ross M, Himes BE. Gender-specific determinants of asthma among U.S adults. Asthma Res Pract. 3, 2017, 2.
[7]. Hirsh AE, Tsolaki AG, DeRiemer K, Feldman MW, Small PM. Stable association between strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their human host populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101, 2004, 4871–
[8]. Nobelprize.org [Internet]. Sweden: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905: Robert Koch. c2010.
[Last cited on 15, 2010]. Available from:
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1905/koch.html.
[9]. World Health Organization. TB/HIV in the South-East Asia Region Status Report. Regional Meeting of National TB Programme Managers, WHO/SEARO, New Delhi, India. Geneva: WHO; 2-5, 2009, 2–3.
[10]. O'Grady KA, Torzillo PJ, Chang AB. Hospitalisation of indigenous children in the Northern Territory for lower respiratory illness in the first year of life. Med J Aust. 192, 2010, 586–90.