Neuraopharmacological Insights Into The Anxiolytic And Anti-Depressant Effects Of Tephrosia Purpurea Root Extract

Abstract

Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers., an important medicinal plant in Ayurveda, has been widely used for the treatment of various ailments including liver disorders, inflammation, infections, and wound healing. The present study aimed to explore the neuropharmacological potential of the methanolic root extract of Tephrosia purpurea, focusing on its anxiolytic and antidepressant activities. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides, and tannins. The anxiolytic activity was evaluated using behavioral models such as the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Open Field Test (OFT), and Light–Dark model in Swiss albino mice. Antidepressant activity was assessed using the Forced Swim Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST). The extract was administered at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg and compared with standard drugs such as diazepam and imipramine. The results demonstrated a significant increase in time spent in open arms and number of entries in EPM, along with enhanced locomotor activity in OFT and increased time spent in the light compartment, indicating anxiolytic effects. In antidepressant models, the extract significantly reduced immobility time in both FST and TST in a dose-dependent manner. The highest dose (500 mg/kg) exhibited effects comparable to standard drugs. The findings suggest that the methanolic root extract of Tephrosia purpurea possesses significant anxiolytic and antidepressant activities, which may be attributed to its phytochemical constituents and possible interaction with GABAergic and monoaminergic systems. This study supports its traditional use and highlights its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for neurological disorders.