A gave Americana L: A Comprehensive Review on Ethno medicinal Uses and Pharmacological Properties

Abstract

Agave americana L., a perennial succulent of the Asparagaceae family, is widely recognized for its ethnomedicinal, nutritional, and industrial significance. Traditionally, it has been used externally for wound healing, burns, skin infections, and joint pain, and internally for digestive disorders, diuretic purposes, respiratory problems, and liver protection. The plant is rich in bioactive compounds including steroidal saponins (hecogenin, tigogenin), flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol), phenolic acids (caffeic, ferulic acid), agavins, alkaloids, and tannins, which confer antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective activities. Nutritionally, agave serves as a source of natural sweeteners, prebiotic fibers, and edible plant parts, while its fibers are used for ropes, mats, and household tools. This review highlights the phytochemistry, pharmacological significance, traditional uses, and commercial applications of Agave americana, emphasizing its potential in modern nutraceutical and pharmaceutical development.