Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Surapunnaga (Ochrocarpus longifolius Benth. & Hook. f.) is a traditionally important Ayurvedic drug mainly indicated in Kushtha (skin disorders), Vrana (wounds), and inflammatory conditions. The seed oil, popularly known as Tamanu oil, is extensively used in external therapeutic applications. Though classical texts describe its Kapha Vata hara and wound healing properties, comprehensive scientific validation and clinical standardization remain limited. This review aims to critically evaluate classical claims and correlate them with available modern pharmacological evidence.
Methods: A narrative review was conducted by analyzing references from Ayurvedic classical texts including Nighantus and Samhitas, along with peer-reviewed research articles and pharmacological studies. Data related to Rasa Panchaka, traditional indications, phytochemical constituents, experimental pharmacology, and therapeutic applications were compiled and comparatively assessed.
Results: Classically, Surapunnaga is described as Madhura, Kashaya rasa, Laghu, Ruksha guna, Sheeta veerya, and Madhura vipaka, predominantly pacifying Kapha and Pitta doshas. It is mainly indicated in skin diseases, chronic non-healing ulcers, pruritus, and inflammatory swellings. Modern pharmacological studies demonstrate anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and wound-healing activities. Bioactive constituents such as calophyllolide, inophyllums, flavonoids, and fatty acids contribute to these effects. Experimental models strongly support its topical efficacy in tissue regeneration and infection control; however, robust randomized clinical trials are lacking.
Discussion: The available evidence indicates significant correlation between classical Ayurvedic descriptions and modern pharmacological findings, particularly in dermatological and wound management. The predominance of external use enhances its safety profile, though occasional skin sensitivity may occur. Limitations include insufficient large-scale clinical studies and lack of standardized formulations. Future research should focus on controlled clinical trials, dosage standardization, and safety evaluation to strengthen its therapeutic validation in contemporary practice.
Conclusion: Surapunnaga is a valuable Ayurvedic medicinal plant widely used in skin disorders, wound healing, and inflammatory conditions. Traditional knowledge and modern studies both support its therapeutic potential. However, further well-designed clinical studies and standardization are needed to validate its safety, efficacy, and broader integration into evidence-based healthcare.