Main Article Content
Abstract
Herbal medicines form an integral component of traditional healthcare systems and continue to gain global importance due to their safety, accessibility, and therapeutic potential. Mentha piperita (peppermint), a perennial aromatic herb belonging to the family Lamiaceae, has been extensively utilized in traditional systems of medicine including Ayurveda, Unani, Chinese medicine, and Western herbal practices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of Mentha piperita with emphasis on its ethnomedicinal significance, botanical characteristics, geographical distribution, phytochemical constituents, extraction and isolation techniques, pharmacological activities, and commercial applications. Peppermint is rich in bioactive compounds such as menthol, menthone, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, stilbenes, and volatile oils, which contribute to its wide range of biological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, neuroprotective, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cardiovascular effects.The review also highlights the role of peppermint in modern pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and oral-care formulations. Overall, Mentha piperita represents a valuable medicinal plant with significant therapeutic potential, supporting its continued use in traditional medicine and its integration into modern healthcare systems.