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Abstract
The palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer L.) is a traditionally valued tropical plant widely distributed across South and Southeast Asia, particularly in India and Sri Lanka. Various parts of the plant have been utilized in indigenous medicine systems for centuries, with the fruit receiving increasing scientific attention due to its nutritional richness and therapeutic potential. The palmyra palm fruit contains diverse bioactive constituents including polyphenols, flavonoids, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidant compounds that contribute to multiple pharmacological activities. Recent experimental and clinical investigations suggest that these phytochemicals play a significant role in modulating inflammatory pathways and improving glycemic control. Chronic inflammation and diabetes mellitus are closely interrelated metabolic disorders characterized by oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and altered cytokine production. Natural plant-based interventions have emerged as promising alternatives or adjunct therapies because of their safety profile and multifunctional biological effects. Evidence indicates that palmyra fruit extracts may inhibit inflammatory mediators, reduce oxidative damage, enhance insulin sensitivity, and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. This article reviews the pharmacological profile, existing literature, experimental evidence, and methodological approaches related to the anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities of palmyra palm fruit. The study aims to consolidate current knowledge and provide a scientific framework for future therapeutic and clinical investigations involving this underutilized functional food resource.