Main Article Content
Abstract
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are a rapidly evolving type of targeted cancer treatment that is intended to reduce systemic toxicity and improve therapeutic efficacy by delivering cytotoxic chemicals only to cancer cells. Through stable chemical linkers, ADCs combine the efficacy of cytotoxic medicines with the specificity of monoclonal antibodies. The article provides a thorough analysis of the structural and functional importance of the antibodies, linkers, and payloads that make up ADCs. Key mechanisms are covered in detail, such as internalization, trafficking, antigen recognition, and bystander effects. Along with new approaches to combat them, resistance mechanisms such as drug efflux, altered trafficking, and antigen heterogeneity are critically assessed. ADCs that are already FDA-approved are also discussed, along with their clinical implications, limitations, and advancements in next-generation ADC designs. Notwithstanding obstacles, continuous advancements in ADC engineering and therapeutic approaches highlight their bright future in oncology.