Main Article Content
Abstract
Escitalopram is a Selective Serotonin Receptor Inhibitor (SSRI) prescribed for the management of anxiety, major depressive disorders, agitation, and dementia. Hyponatremia is a familiar side effect of SSRIs; however, there are only a few pieces of literature that give evidence of escitalopram-induced hyponatremia and hyponatremic encephalopathy. SSRIs are also known to cause rare neurological side effects, such as extrapyramidal symptoms like tremulousness, Parkinsonism, which often go unlisted. SSRIs also shows an example of drug-induced psychiatric disorders such as visual hallucinations.
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Article Details
References
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- 5. Chiu CY, Sarwal A, Azhar Munir R, Widjaja M, Khalid A, Khanna R. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) Induced by Long-Term Use of Citalopram and Short-Term Use of Naproxen. American Journal of Case Reports. 2020 Aug 14;21.
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- 15. Lai CH. Escitalopram-Related Visual and Auditory Hallucination in a Non-Dementia Patient With Depression. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2012 Jan;24(4):E19–9.
- 16. Halder A, Ravindran NP, Sharma S, Chougule K. Escitalopram-induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms – A Case Series. Annals of Indian Psychiatry. 2023 Dec 21;
- 17. Ak S, Yağcıoğlu AEA. Escitalopram-induced Parkinsonism. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2014 Jan;36(1):126.e1–2.
- 18. Stahl SM. Mechanism of action of serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors. Journal of Affective Disorders. 1998 Dec;51(3):215–35.
- 19. Moorthy S, Arthur P. Visual and auditory hallucinations associated with escitalopram in a young male. The Journal of Medical Research [Internet]. 2018 Dec [cited 2022 May 7];4(6):256–7. Available from: http://www.medicinearticle.com/JMR_20186_01.pdf
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References
1. DrugBank. Escitalopram [Internet]. go.drugbank.com. 2024. Available from: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01175
2. Zhong H, Haddjeri N, Sánchez C. Escitalopram, an antidepressant with an allosteric effect at the serotonin transporter—a review of current understanding of its mechanism of action. Psychopharmacology. 2011 Sep 8;219(1):1–13.
3. Covyeou JA, Jackson CW. Hyponatremia Associated with Escitalopram. New England Journal of Medicine. 2007 Jan 4;356(1):94–5.
4. Raj R, Jacob A, Venkatanarayan A, Doraiswamy M, Ashok M. Severe Symptomatic Hyponatremia Secondary to Escitalopram-Induced SIADH: A Case Report with Literature Review. Case Reports in Nephrology. 2018 Sep 5;2018:1–7.
5. Chiu CY, Sarwal A, Azhar Munir R, Widjaja M, Khalid A, Khanna R. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) Induced by Long-Term Use of Citalopram and Short-Term Use of Naproxen. American Journal of Case Reports. 2020 Aug 14;21.
6. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology. eMedicine [Internet]. 2020 Jun 26; Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/246650-overview#a4
7. Dixit S. A Case of SSRI Induced Irreversible Parkinsonism. Journal Of Clinical And Diagnostic Research [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2019 Nov 24]; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4378786/
8. EJPMR | ABSTRACT [Internet]. Ejpmr.com. 2015 [cited 2024 Dec 23]. Available from: https://www.ejpmr.com/home/abstract_id/7157
9. Thomas A, Abraham TC, James G, Panicker NK. Escitalopram-induced hyponatremia. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2017 Dec 4;7(12):1441-.
10. The use of the WHO-UMC system for standardized case causality assessment [Internet]. Available from: https://who-umc.org/media/164200/who-umc-causality-assessment_new-logo.pdf
11. Petrova G, Stoimenova A, Dimitrova M, Kamusheva M, Petrova D, Georgiev O. Assessment of the expectancy, seriousness and severity of adverse drug reactions reported for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease therapy. SAGE Open Medicine. 2017 Jan 31;5:205031211769040.
12. Iftikhar S, Sarwar MR, Saqib A, Sarfraz M. Causality and preventability assessment of adverse drug reactions and adverse drug events of antibiotics among hospitalized patients: A multicenter, cross-sectional study in Lahore, Pakistan. Shahid M, editor. PLOS ONE. 2018 Jun 27;13(6):e0199456.
13. VigiAccess [Internet]. www.vigiaccess.org. Available from: https://www.vigiaccess.org/
14. Adverse drug reactions [Internet]. Clinical Gate. 2015. Available from: https://clinicalgate.com/adverse-drug-reactions
15. Lai CH. Escitalopram-Related Visual and Auditory Hallucination in a Non-Dementia Patient With Depression. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2012 Jan;24(4):E19–9.
16. Halder A, Ravindran NP, Sharma S, Chougule K. Escitalopram-induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms – A Case Series. Annals of Indian Psychiatry. 2023 Dec 21;
17. Ak S, Yağcıoğlu AEA. Escitalopram-induced Parkinsonism. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2014 Jan;36(1):126.e1–2.
18. Stahl SM. Mechanism of action of serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors. Journal of Affective Disorders. 1998 Dec;51(3):215–35.
19. Moorthy S, Arthur P. Visual and auditory hallucinations associated with escitalopram in a young male. The Journal of Medical Research [Internet]. 2018 Dec [cited 2022 May 7];4(6):256–7. Available from: http://www.medicinearticle.com/JMR_20186_01.pdf
20. Escitalopram: Side effects, dosage, uses, and more [Internet]. www.medicalnewstoday.com. 2017. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/escitalopram-oral-tablet
21. Escitalopram Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term [Internet]. Drugs.com. Available from: https://www.drugs.com/sfx/escitalopram-side-effects.html