Main Article Content
Abstract
Numerous herbal medicines have been used to cure and control a wide range of disorders in different medical systems. The plant Caesalpinia bonducella has been utilized in various traditional medical systems to cure human diseases and maladies. The Caesalpinia bonducella L., sometimes referred to as Nata Karanja, is a prickly shrub that grows in the warmer regions of Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and India. Many medicinal qualities of plants have been described, including antiviral, antiasthmatic, antiamebic, antiestrogenic, and antianaphylactic effects. Caesalpinia bonducella's ability to reduce blood sugar has mostly been tested in rat and rabbit models, with notable results. Numerous alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, and saponins are said to be present. It has been described as having anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-filarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant properties. Hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, and anxiolytic effects. The goal of this review is to gather all available data regarding the phytochemical and pharmacological activities of this substance. Consequently, this information will assist generate interest in the plant and could be helpful in the development of novel formulations.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- 1. Kirtikar and Basu, Indian Medicinal Plants, 2nd Edt, B.S.M.P. Singh and Periodical Experts, Dehra Dun,2, 1993, 844-845.
- 2. The Wealth of India, Raw material, Ca-Ci, Revised edition, Publication and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi, 1992, 3, 6-8.
- 3. World Health Organization: Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials, WHO Library, 1998, 110-115.
- 4. World Health Organization: Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials, WHO Library, 1998, 110-115.
- 5. Juvatkar PV, Jadhav AG. Caesalpinia bonducella: a medicinal potential value Journal of and Phytochemistry. 2021;10 Pharmacognosy (4):206-214.
- 6. Monika, Shikhar Verma, Vivek Srivastava, Prakash Deep. Review on Caesalpinia bonducella. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research.2020;64(2);1-7.
- 7. Manikandaselvi S, Vadivel V, Brindha P. Caesalpinia bonducella L.: a nutraceutical plant Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 2015;7(12):137-142.
- 8. Kokate CK, Practical Pharmacognosy, 4th edition, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi, 1997, 107 ‐111
- 9. Gogoi S, Yadav AK. In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic effects of Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Roxb. leaf extract on Hymenolepis diminuta and Syphacia obvelata Journal of intercultural ethnopharmacology. 2016;5(4):427-433.
- 9. Khandagale P, Abhijeet V, Yunus PN, Ansari, Patil R. Pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical investigation of Caesalpinia bonducella [L.] roxb. Seed International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 2018;8(34):461-468.
- 10. Kokate C.K., Practical Pharmacognosy, 4th edition, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi, 1997, 107 ‐111
- 11. Subbiah V, Nagaraja P, Narayan P, Nagendra HG. Evaluation of pharmacological properties of Caesalpinia bonducella seed and shell extract Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2019;11(1):150-154.
- 12. Reichal C, Prathiba, Vishnpriya V, et al. Studies on antimicrobial activity of Caesalpinia bonducella seed ethanolic extract on selected human oral pathogens. Drug Invent Today. 2019;12(4):806-808.
- 13. Sembiring E, Elya B, Sauriasari R. Phytochemical screening, total flavonoid and total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of different parts of Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Roxb. Pharmacognosy Journal 2018;10(1):123-127.
- 14. Pethani S, Savaliya N, Abdul N. Phytochemical extraction and antibacterial studies of Caesalpinia bonducella seed extracts. Mapana Journal of Sciences 2014;13(4):47-54.
- 15. Peter SR, Tinto WF, Mclean S, Reynolds WF, Yut M. Cassane diterpenes from Caesalpinia bonducella. Phytochemistry. 1998;47(6):1153-1155.
- 16. Raghav PK, Singh V. Comparison of physicochemical and phytochemical screening of leaves and seed of Kat-karanj (Caesalpinia bonducella). International Journal of Biological & Pharmaceutical Research . 2014;5(4):313-322.
- 17. Gogoi S, Yadav AK. In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic effects of Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Roxb. leaf extract on Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) and Syphacia obvelata (Nematoda). Journal of intercultural ethnopharmacology" 2016;5(4):427-433.
- 18. Kokate CK, Practical Pharmacognosy, 4th edition, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi, 1997, 107 ‐111.
- 19. Khandelwal KR, Practical Pharmacognosy Techniques and Experiments. 15th edition, Nirali Prakashan, Pune, 2006, 15–163
- 20. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Kumar RS, Sivakumar T, Vamsi MLM. Antitumor activity and antioxidant status of Caesalpinia bonducella against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. "Journal of pharmacological sciences" 2004;94(2):177-184.
- 21. Archana P, Tandan SK, Chandra S, Lal J. Antipyretic and analgesic activities of Caesalpinia bonducella seed kernel extract. Phytotherapy Research 2005;19(5):376-381. doi:10.1002/ptr.1339.
- 22. Yadav PP, Maurya R, Sarkar J, et al. Cassane diterpenes from Caesalpinia bonduc. Phytochemistry. 2009;70(2):256-261.
- 23. Ansari JA, Ahmad S, Jameel M. Effect of Caesalpinia bonducella L. on ulcer and gastric secretions in pylorus legated rat model. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2012;2(5):102-104.
- 24. Iheagwam FN, Ogunlana OO, Ogunlana OE, et al. Potential anti-cancer flavonoids isolated from Caesalpinia bonduc young twigs and leaves: Molecular docking and in silico studies. Bioinformatics and Biology Insights. 2019;13:1-16.
- 25. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Kumar RS, Sivakumar T, Vamsi MLM. Antitumor activity and antioxidant status of Caesalpinia bonducella against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences . 2004;94(2):177-184.
- 26. Shukla S, Mehta P, Mehta A, Vyas SP, Bajpai VK. Preliminary phytochemical and antifungal screening of various organic extracts of Caesalpinia bonducella seeds. Romanian biotechnological letters. 2011;16(4):6384-6389.
- 27. Parameshwar S, Srinivasan KK, Mallikarjuna Rao C. Oral antidiabetic activities of different extracts of Caesalpinia bonducella seed kernels. pharmaceutical biology.2002;40(8)590-595.
- 28. Ali A, Rao NV, Shalam M, Gouda TS, Babu JM, Kumar SM. Anxiolytic Activity of Seed Extract of Caesalpinia bonducella (Roxb) in Laboratory Animals. International Journal of Pharmacology 2008; 5(2) 1531-2976
- 29. Sachan NK, Verma S, Sachan AK, Arshad H. An investigation to antioxidant activity of Caesalpinia bonducella seeds. Annals of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences.2010;1(2)88-91.
- 30. Simin K, Khaliq-Uz-Zaman SM, Ahmad VU. Antimicrobial activity of seed extracts and bondenolide from Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Phytotherapy Research2007; 15(5)437-440.
- 31. Jabbar A, Muhammad AZ, Zafar I, Yaseen M, Shamim A. Anthelmintic activity of Chenopodium album (L.) and Caesalpinia crista (L.) against Trichostron gylid Nematodes of Sheep. Journal of ethnopharmacology 2007; 114(8) 86-91.
- 32. Wadkar GH, Kane SR, Matapati SS, Hogade MG. In-vitro anthelmintic activity of Ceasalpinia bonducella (Linn), Flem. Leaves Journal of pharmaceutical research2010; 3(5) 926-927
- 33. Saeed MA, Sabir AW. Antibacterial activity of Caesalpinia bonducella seeds. Fitoterapia. 2001; 72(1) 807-809.
- 34. P. Archana, S.K. Tandan, S. Chandra. Antipyretic and analgesic activities of Caesalpinia bonducella seed kernal extract J. Lal. Phytother. Res.2005;19(5) 376-81.
- 35. N. Raman, Y. Muuthimuniaswamy. Extraction, characterisation and antibacterial activity of Caesalpinia bonducella seed oil using n-hexane as solvent Asian journal of chemistry .2000.12(3); 925-26
- 36. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Kumar RS, Sivakumar T, Vamsi MLM. Antitumor activity and antioxidant status of Caesalpinia bonducella against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 2004;94(2):177-184.
- 37. M. Gupta, U.K. Mazumder, K.R. Sambath, T. Sivakumar, P. Gomathi, Y. Rajeshwar. Review on Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Caesalpinia bonduc Pharmaceutical biology 2005; 43( 5) 411-19.
- 38. D.M. Kannur, V.I. Hukkeri. Antidiabetic activity of Caesalpinia bonducella seed extracts in rats Fitoterapia. 2006;77(7-8) 546–49.
- 39. S. Shukla, A. Mehta, P. Mehta, S.P. Vyas, S. Shukla. In vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ethanolic leaf extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bert.. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2009; 47(9):2338-43.
- 40. Ali A, Rao NV, Shalam M, Gouda TS, Babu JM, Kumar SM. Anxiolytic Activity of Seed Extract of Caesalpinia bonducella (Roxb) in Laboratory Animals. International journal of pharmacology. 2008; 5: 1531-2976.
- 41. S. Shukla, A. Mehta, J. Johna. Immunomodulatory activities of the ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonducella seeds Journal of Ethnopharmacology2009;125(2) 252– 56
- 42. T. Arif, T.K. Mandala, N. Kumara, J.D. Bhosalea, A. Holea, G.L. Sharma. In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities of seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc (Lin.) Roxb. Journal of Ethnopharmacology .2009;123(1) 177–80.43. D.M. Kannur. Adaptogenic activity of Caesalpinia bonduc seed extracts in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2006;108(3) 327–31.
- 44. S. Chakrabarti, T.K. Biswas, B. Rokeya, L. Ali. Advanced studies on the hypoglycemic effect of Caesalpinia bonducella F. in type 1 and 2 diabetes in Long Evans rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology .2003;84(1)41-6.
- 45. P.P. Yadav, R. Maurya, J. Sarkar. Cassane diterpenes from Caesalpinia bonduc. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2009;70(1) 256–61
- 46. A. Ata, E.M. Gale. Bioactive Chemical Constituents of Caesalpinia bonduc journal of Phytochemistry letters 2009;2(3) 106–09.
- 47. S.R. Sharma, S.K. Divedi, D. Swarup. Hypoglycemic, antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities Journal of Ethnopharmacology1997;28(1) 39-44.
- 48. J.Y. Datte, A.M. Traore. Effects of leaf extract of Caesalpinia bonduc (Caesalpiniaceae) on the contractile activity of uterine smooth muscle of pregnant rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1998;60(1)149-55.
- 49. N. Fatma, R.L. Gaur, M.K. Sahoo. Antifilarial activity of Caesalpinia bonducella against experimental filarial infections Indian Journal of Medical Research.2008;128(1) 65-70.
- 50. P.P. Yadav, A. Arora. Isolation of New cassane butenolide hemiketal diterpenes and antiproliferative activity. Tetrahedron letters 2007;48(1) 7194-98.
- 51. A. Bhattacharyya. A trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor from Caesalpinia bonduc seeds: isolation, partial characterization and insecticidal properties. physiology and biochemistry .2007;45(3-4) 169-77
- 52. S. Shukla, A. Mehta Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonducella seeds. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2009; 47(8) 1848–51.
- 53. J.Y. Datte, P.A. Yapo. Leaf extract of Caesalpinia bonduc Roxb. (Caesalpiniaceae) induces an increase of contractile force in rat skeletal muscle in situ. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry.2004;11(2-3) 235-41
- 54. S. Mandal, B. Hazra.Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Spondias pinnata. BMC Complement Altern Med.2009;63(8).
- 55. S. Somnath, N. Fatma. Inhibition of protein synthesis of filarial parasites by fractions of Caesalpinia bonducella, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow,2001;1(1)226.
- 56. M.A. Saeed, A.W. Sabir. A DNA strand-nicking principle of a higher plant, Caesalpinia sappan Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 2003; 26(2) 35-41.
- 57. S.R. Peter, W.F. Tinto, Cassane diterpenes from Caesalpinia bonducella. S. Mcleans. Phytochemistry.1998; 47(6)1153-55.
- 58. R. Peter, W.F. Tinto. Bonducellpins A−D, New Cassane Furanoditerpenes of Caesalpinia bonduc Journal of natural products1997; 60(12) 1219-21.
- 59. D.N. Mondal, B.R. Barik. Phytochemical Investigation and Anticonvulsant Activity of Seeds of Caesalpinia Bonduc (Linn) Roxb Journal of the Indian Chemical Society.1993; 70(7) 651-52.
- 60. P.P. Yadav. Cassane diterpenes from Caesalpinia bonduc Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2009; 70(2) 256–61
- 61. A.Ata, E.M. Gale. Bioactive chemical constituents of Caesalpinia bonduc J. Phytochemistry letters. 2009; 2(3)106–09.
- 62. Wu Zhaohua, Y. Wang. Isolation New cassane butenolide hemiketal diterpenes from the marine creeper Caesalpinia bonduc and their antiproliferative activity.Asian journal of traditional medicines.2007;4(2)142-44.
- 63. P.P. Yadav, A. Arora. Isolation of New cassane butenolide hemiketal diterpenes and antiproliferative activity. Tetrahedron Lett.2007;48(1) 7194-98.
- 64. T. Kinoshita. Chemical Studies on the Philippine Crude Drug Calumbibit Seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc Pharm. Bull.2000; 48(9) 1375-77
- 65. L.L. Deon. Isolation of minor seven caessane diterpenoids. Journal of natural products.1998; 61 (2) 1462-65.
- 66. S. Rastogi, A.K. Shaw. Characterisation of fatty acids of antifilarial triglyceride fraction from Caesalpinia bonduc.Fitoterapia,1996; 67(1) 63-4.T. Kinoshita. Chemical Studies on the Philippine Crude Drug Calumbibit Seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc Pharm. Bull.2000; 48(9) 1375-77.
References
1. Kirtikar and Basu, Indian Medicinal Plants, 2nd Edt, B.S.M.P. Singh and Periodical Experts, Dehra Dun,2, 1993, 844-845.
2. The Wealth of India, Raw material, Ca-Ci, Revised edition, Publication and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi, 1992, 3, 6-8.
3. World Health Organization: Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials, WHO Library, 1998, 110-115.
4. World Health Organization: Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials, WHO Library, 1998, 110-115.
5. Juvatkar PV, Jadhav AG. Caesalpinia bonducella: a medicinal potential value Journal of and Phytochemistry. 2021;10 Pharmacognosy (4):206-214.
6. Monika, Shikhar Verma, Vivek Srivastava, Prakash Deep. Review on Caesalpinia bonducella. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research.2020;64(2);1-7.
7. Manikandaselvi S, Vadivel V, Brindha P. Caesalpinia bonducella L.: a nutraceutical plant Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 2015;7(12):137-142.
8. Kokate CK, Practical Pharmacognosy, 4th edition, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi, 1997, 107 ‐111
9. Gogoi S, Yadav AK. In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic effects of Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Roxb. leaf extract on Hymenolepis diminuta and Syphacia obvelata Journal of intercultural ethnopharmacology. 2016;5(4):427-433.
9. Khandagale P, Abhijeet V, Yunus PN, Ansari, Patil R. Pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical investigation of Caesalpinia bonducella [L.] roxb. Seed International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 2018;8(34):461-468.
10. Kokate C.K., Practical Pharmacognosy, 4th edition, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi, 1997, 107 ‐111
11. Subbiah V, Nagaraja P, Narayan P, Nagendra HG. Evaluation of pharmacological properties of Caesalpinia bonducella seed and shell extract Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2019;11(1):150-154.
12. Reichal C, Prathiba, Vishnpriya V, et al. Studies on antimicrobial activity of Caesalpinia bonducella seed ethanolic extract on selected human oral pathogens. Drug Invent Today. 2019;12(4):806-808.
13. Sembiring E, Elya B, Sauriasari R. Phytochemical screening, total flavonoid and total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of different parts of Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Roxb. Pharmacognosy Journal 2018;10(1):123-127.
14. Pethani S, Savaliya N, Abdul N. Phytochemical extraction and antibacterial studies of Caesalpinia bonducella seed extracts. Mapana Journal of Sciences 2014;13(4):47-54.
15. Peter SR, Tinto WF, Mclean S, Reynolds WF, Yut M. Cassane diterpenes from Caesalpinia bonducella. Phytochemistry. 1998;47(6):1153-1155.
16. Raghav PK, Singh V. Comparison of physicochemical and phytochemical screening of leaves and seed of Kat-karanj (Caesalpinia bonducella). International Journal of Biological & Pharmaceutical Research . 2014;5(4):313-322.
17. Gogoi S, Yadav AK. In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic effects of Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Roxb. leaf extract on Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) and Syphacia obvelata (Nematoda). Journal of intercultural ethnopharmacology" 2016;5(4):427-433.
18. Kokate CK, Practical Pharmacognosy, 4th edition, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi, 1997, 107 ‐111.
19. Khandelwal KR, Practical Pharmacognosy Techniques and Experiments. 15th edition, Nirali Prakashan, Pune, 2006, 15–163
20. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Kumar RS, Sivakumar T, Vamsi MLM. Antitumor activity and antioxidant status of Caesalpinia bonducella against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. "Journal of pharmacological sciences" 2004;94(2):177-184.
21. Archana P, Tandan SK, Chandra S, Lal J. Antipyretic and analgesic activities of Caesalpinia bonducella seed kernel extract. Phytotherapy Research 2005;19(5):376-381. doi:10.1002/ptr.1339.
22. Yadav PP, Maurya R, Sarkar J, et al. Cassane diterpenes from Caesalpinia bonduc. Phytochemistry. 2009;70(2):256-261.
23. Ansari JA, Ahmad S, Jameel M. Effect of Caesalpinia bonducella L. on ulcer and gastric secretions in pylorus legated rat model. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2012;2(5):102-104.
24. Iheagwam FN, Ogunlana OO, Ogunlana OE, et al. Potential anti-cancer flavonoids isolated from Caesalpinia bonduc young twigs and leaves: Molecular docking and in silico studies. Bioinformatics and Biology Insights. 2019;13:1-16.
25. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Kumar RS, Sivakumar T, Vamsi MLM. Antitumor activity and antioxidant status of Caesalpinia bonducella against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences . 2004;94(2):177-184.
26. Shukla S, Mehta P, Mehta A, Vyas SP, Bajpai VK. Preliminary phytochemical and antifungal screening of various organic extracts of Caesalpinia bonducella seeds. Romanian biotechnological letters. 2011;16(4):6384-6389.
27. Parameshwar S, Srinivasan KK, Mallikarjuna Rao C. Oral antidiabetic activities of different extracts of Caesalpinia bonducella seed kernels. pharmaceutical biology.2002;40(8)590-595.
28. Ali A, Rao NV, Shalam M, Gouda TS, Babu JM, Kumar SM. Anxiolytic Activity of Seed Extract of Caesalpinia bonducella (Roxb) in Laboratory Animals. International Journal of Pharmacology 2008; 5(2) 1531-2976
29. Sachan NK, Verma S, Sachan AK, Arshad H. An investigation to antioxidant activity of Caesalpinia bonducella seeds. Annals of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences.2010;1(2)88-91.
30. Simin K, Khaliq-Uz-Zaman SM, Ahmad VU. Antimicrobial activity of seed extracts and bondenolide from Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Phytotherapy Research2007; 15(5)437-440.
31. Jabbar A, Muhammad AZ, Zafar I, Yaseen M, Shamim A. Anthelmintic activity of Chenopodium album (L.) and Caesalpinia crista (L.) against Trichostron gylid Nematodes of Sheep. Journal of ethnopharmacology 2007; 114(8) 86-91.
32. Wadkar GH, Kane SR, Matapati SS, Hogade MG. In-vitro anthelmintic activity of Ceasalpinia bonducella (Linn), Flem. Leaves Journal of pharmaceutical research2010; 3(5) 926-927
33. Saeed MA, Sabir AW. Antibacterial activity of Caesalpinia bonducella seeds. Fitoterapia. 2001; 72(1) 807-809.
34. P. Archana, S.K. Tandan, S. Chandra. Antipyretic and analgesic activities of Caesalpinia bonducella seed kernal extract J. Lal. Phytother. Res.2005;19(5) 376-81.
35. N. Raman, Y. Muuthimuniaswamy. Extraction, characterisation and antibacterial activity of Caesalpinia bonducella seed oil using n-hexane as solvent Asian journal of chemistry .2000.12(3); 925-26
36. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Kumar RS, Sivakumar T, Vamsi MLM. Antitumor activity and antioxidant status of Caesalpinia bonducella against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 2004;94(2):177-184.
37. M. Gupta, U.K. Mazumder, K.R. Sambath, T. Sivakumar, P. Gomathi, Y. Rajeshwar. Review on Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Caesalpinia bonduc Pharmaceutical biology 2005; 43( 5) 411-19.
38. D.M. Kannur, V.I. Hukkeri. Antidiabetic activity of Caesalpinia bonducella seed extracts in rats Fitoterapia. 2006;77(7-8) 546–49.
39. S. Shukla, A. Mehta, P. Mehta, S.P. Vyas, S. Shukla. In vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ethanolic leaf extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bert.. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2009; 47(9):2338-43.
40. Ali A, Rao NV, Shalam M, Gouda TS, Babu JM, Kumar SM. Anxiolytic Activity of Seed Extract of Caesalpinia bonducella (Roxb) in Laboratory Animals. International journal of pharmacology. 2008; 5: 1531-2976.
41. S. Shukla, A. Mehta, J. Johna. Immunomodulatory activities of the ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonducella seeds Journal of Ethnopharmacology2009;125(2) 252– 56
42. T. Arif, T.K. Mandala, N. Kumara, J.D. Bhosalea, A. Holea, G.L. Sharma. In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities of seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc (Lin.) Roxb. Journal of Ethnopharmacology .2009;123(1) 177–80.43. D.M. Kannur. Adaptogenic activity of Caesalpinia bonduc seed extracts in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2006;108(3) 327–31.
44. S. Chakrabarti, T.K. Biswas, B. Rokeya, L. Ali. Advanced studies on the hypoglycemic effect of Caesalpinia bonducella F. in type 1 and 2 diabetes in Long Evans rats Journal of Ethnopharmacology .2003;84(1)41-6.
45. P.P. Yadav, R. Maurya, J. Sarkar. Cassane diterpenes from Caesalpinia bonduc. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2009;70(1) 256–61
46. A. Ata, E.M. Gale. Bioactive Chemical Constituents of Caesalpinia bonduc journal of Phytochemistry letters 2009;2(3) 106–09.
47. S.R. Sharma, S.K. Divedi, D. Swarup. Hypoglycemic, antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities Journal of Ethnopharmacology1997;28(1) 39-44.
48. J.Y. Datte, A.M. Traore. Effects of leaf extract of Caesalpinia bonduc (Caesalpiniaceae) on the contractile activity of uterine smooth muscle of pregnant rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1998;60(1)149-55.
49. N. Fatma, R.L. Gaur, M.K. Sahoo. Antifilarial activity of Caesalpinia bonducella against experimental filarial infections Indian Journal of Medical Research.2008;128(1) 65-70.
50. P.P. Yadav, A. Arora. Isolation of New cassane butenolide hemiketal diterpenes and antiproliferative activity. Tetrahedron letters 2007;48(1) 7194-98.
51. A. Bhattacharyya. A trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor from Caesalpinia bonduc seeds: isolation, partial characterization and insecticidal properties. physiology and biochemistry .2007;45(3-4) 169-77
52. S. Shukla, A. Mehta Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonducella seeds. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2009; 47(8) 1848–51.
53. J.Y. Datte, P.A. Yapo. Leaf extract of Caesalpinia bonduc Roxb. (Caesalpiniaceae) induces an increase of contractile force in rat skeletal muscle in situ. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry.2004;11(2-3) 235-41
54. S. Mandal, B. Hazra.Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Spondias pinnata. BMC Complement Altern Med.2009;63(8).
55. S. Somnath, N. Fatma. Inhibition of protein synthesis of filarial parasites by fractions of Caesalpinia bonducella, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow,2001;1(1)226.
56. M.A. Saeed, A.W. Sabir. A DNA strand-nicking principle of a higher plant, Caesalpinia sappan Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 2003; 26(2) 35-41.
57. S.R. Peter, W.F. Tinto, Cassane diterpenes from Caesalpinia bonducella. S. Mcleans. Phytochemistry.1998; 47(6)1153-55.
58. R. Peter, W.F. Tinto. Bonducellpins A−D, New Cassane Furanoditerpenes of Caesalpinia bonduc Journal of natural products1997; 60(12) 1219-21.
59. D.N. Mondal, B.R. Barik. Phytochemical Investigation and Anticonvulsant Activity of Seeds of Caesalpinia Bonduc (Linn) Roxb Journal of the Indian Chemical Society.1993; 70(7) 651-52.
60. P.P. Yadav. Cassane diterpenes from Caesalpinia bonduc Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2009; 70(2) 256–61
61. A.Ata, E.M. Gale. Bioactive chemical constituents of Caesalpinia bonduc J. Phytochemistry letters. 2009; 2(3)106–09.
62. Wu Zhaohua, Y. Wang. Isolation New cassane butenolide hemiketal diterpenes from the marine creeper Caesalpinia bonduc and their antiproliferative activity.Asian journal of traditional medicines.2007;4(2)142-44.
63. P.P. Yadav, A. Arora. Isolation of New cassane butenolide hemiketal diterpenes and antiproliferative activity. Tetrahedron Lett.2007;48(1) 7194-98.
64. T. Kinoshita. Chemical Studies on the Philippine Crude Drug Calumbibit Seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc Pharm. Bull.2000; 48(9) 1375-77
65. L.L. Deon. Isolation of minor seven caessane diterpenoids. Journal of natural products.1998; 61 (2) 1462-65.
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