Main Article Content
Abstract
Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is an essential nutrient synthesized by microorganisms and found in foods such as dairy products, shellfish, and meat. Its bioavailability varies, with dairy products having higher absorption rates than meat and fish. The recommended daily intake ranges from 3.76 mcg to 5.94 mcg, depending on age and gender. Vitamin B12 plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis, nerve function, and red blood cell formation. Deficiency can result from inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption, or autoimmune conditions like pernicious anemia. Common deficiency symptoms include elevated homocysteine levels, neurological damage, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Management of vitamin B12 deficiency involves oral supplementation or intramuscular injections, depending on the cause, with vegetarians, elderly individuals, and patients with gastrointestinal disorders at higher risk.
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References
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References
1. Singla R, Garg A, Surana V, Aggarwal S, Gupta G, Singla S. Vitamin B12 Deficiency is Endemic in Indian Population: A Perspective from North India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Mar-Apr;23(2):211-214. doi: 10.4103/ijem.IJEM_122_19. PMID: 31161105; PMCID: PMC6540890.
2. Ankar A, Kumar A. Vitamin B12 deficiency. InStatPearls [Internet] 2022 Oct 22. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441923/
3. Azzini E, Raguzzini A, Polito A. A Brief Review on Vitamin B12 Deficiency Looking at Some Case Study Reports in Adults. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 7;22(18):9694. doi: 10.3390/ijms22189694. PMID: 34575856; PMCID: PMC8471716.
4. Sayedali E, Yalin AE, Yalin S. Association between metformin and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes. World journal of diabetes. 2023 May 5;14(5):585.https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v14/i5/585.htm
5. Shipton MJ, Thachil J. Vitamin B12 deficiency - A 21st century perspective . Clin Med (Lond). 2015 Apr;15(2):145-50. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.15-2-145. PMID: 25824066; PMCID: PMC4953733.