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Abstract
Nocturnal asthma occurs when asthma symptoms intensify during night, impairing sleep quality and daily functioning. Chrono-modulated drug delivery systems have emerged as a potential technique for targeting nocturnal asthma due to their ability regulate the drug delivery with disease patterns and circadian rhythms. Numerous physiological processes, such as drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination, are regulated by the circadian rhythm. Drug delivery systems that use chrono-modulation release controlled dosages of medication at predetermined intervals to correspond with the body's natural rhythm. Two-thirds of patients with asthma have nocturnal asthma, which is characterized by an increase in symptoms such as wheezing, tightness in the chest, increased responsiveness of the airways, and deterioration of lung function during the night. Between midnight and 8:00 am, and particularly around 4:00 am, these symptoms manifest. The chrono-therapeutic pulsatile systems release the drug in a pulsatile manner at a predetermine off-release period (lag time) in a specific site in order to emulate the chrono pathological Symptoms. Emphasise formulation and evaluation methods as well as the biomedical applications of chrono-modulated drug delivery systems in the review.
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References
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References
1. Budden, K.F.; Hansbro, N.G.; Vaughan, A.;et al. Role of Lung Microbiome in Innate Immune Response Associated with Chronic Lung Diseases. Front. Med. 2020, 7, 554.
2. Chan, Y.; Raju Allam, V.S.R.; Paudel, K.R.; Singh, S.K.; Gulati, M.; Dhanasekaran, M.; Gupta, P.K.; Jha, N.K.; Devkota, H.P.; Gupta, G.; et al. Nutraceuticals: Unlocking newer paradigms in the mitigation of inflammatory lung diseases. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr.2021, 10, 1–31.
3. Shastri, M.D.; Allam, V.; Shukla, S.D.; Jha, N.K.; Paudel, K.R.; Peterson, G.M.; Patel, R.P.; Hansbro, P.M.; Chellappan, D.K.; Dua,K. Interleukin-13: A pivotal target against influenza-induced exacerbation of chronic lung diseases. Life Sci. 2021, 283, 119871.
4. Kim, T.M.; Paudel, K.R.; Kim, D.W. Eriobotrya japonica leaf extract attenuates airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced mice model of asthma. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2020, 253, 112082.
5. Mehta, M.; Malyla, V.; Paudel, K.R.; Chellappan, D.K.; Hansbro, P.M.; Oliver, B.G.; Dua, K. Berberine loaded liquid crystalline nanostructure inhibits cancer progression in adenocar cinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells in vitro. J. Food Biochem. 2021,45, e13954.
6. Baptista, E.A.; Dey, S.; Pal, S. Chronic respiratory disease mortality and its associated factors in selected Asian countries: Evidence from panel error correction model. BMC Public Health 2021, 21, 53.
7. Mehta, M.; Paudel, K.R.; Shukla, S.D.; Allam, V.S.R.R.; Kannaujiya, V.K.; Panth, N.; Das, A.; Parihar, V.K.; Chakraborty, A.; Ali,M.K.; et al. Recent trends of NF_B decoy oligodeoxynucleotide-based nanotherapeutics in lung diseases. J. Control Release 2021,337, 629–644.
8. Prasher, P.; Sharma, M.; Mehta, M.; Paudel, K.R.; Satija, S.; Chellappan, D.K.; Dureja, H.; Gupta, G.; Tambuwala, M.M.; Negi,P.; et al. Plants derived therapeutic strategies targeting chronic respiratory diseases: Chemical and immunological perspective. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2020, 325, 109125.
9. Rosbash, M. Circadian Rhythms and the Transcriptional Feedback Loop (Nobel Lecture). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2021, 60,8650–8666.
10. Yang, Y.; Lindsey-Boltz, L.A.; Vaughn, C.M.; Selby, C.P.; Cao, X.; Liu, Z.; Hsu, D.S.; Sancar, A. Circadian clock, carcinogenesis, chronochemotherapy connections. J. Biol. Chem. 2021, 297, 101068.