Main Article Content
Abstract
To test the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of different fractions of dried Tecoma stans leaves using various pain and inflammation models. The analgesic activity of T. stans was tested in mice with acetic acid-induced writhing and rats with the tail flick test. Cotton pellet-granuloma formation in rats was used to test the anti-inflammatory activity. T. stans was examined in five distinct fractions (FRI, FRII, FRIII, FRIV, and FRV) at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg, p.o. When compared to the other fractions, the fractions FRI (40 mg/kg, p.o.) and FRIII (40 mg/kg, p.o.) were shown to be more efficacious (P0.01) in reducing cotton pellet granuloma development and acetic acid induced writhing. In the tail flick method, FRI (20 mg/kg, p.o.) and FRIII (20 mg/kg, p.o.) were likewise found to be more effective in increasing latency time. FRI and FRIII, two of the five fractions of T. stans leaves examined, have significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties against several types of inflammation and pain.
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References
- 1. Bohlin L. Structure-activity studies of natural products with anti-inflammatory effects. In: Hostettmann K, editor. Phytochemistry of Plants Used in Traditional Medicine. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1995. p. 137-61.
- 2. Yesilada E, Ustun O, Sezik E, Takaishi Y, Ono Y, Honda G. Inhibitory effects of Turkish folk remedies on inflammatory cytokines: interleukin-1, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. J Ethnopharmacol 1997;58:59-73.
- 3. Robert A, Hanchar AJ, Lancaster C, Nezamis JE. Prostacyclin inhibits enteropooling and diarrhea. In: Vane JR, Bergström S, editors. Prostacyclin. New York: Raven Press; 1979. p. 147-58.
- 4. Miller TA. Protective effects of prostaglandins against gastric mucosal damage: current knowledge and proposed mechanisms. Am J Physiol 1983;245:601-23.
- 5. Parrotta J A Healing plants of Pennisular india. CABI publishing 2001;701-02.
- 6. K.N.V Rao et al. establishment of two varieties in tecoma stans ofindian origin pharmacolognostically and pharmacologically. J.Phytology 2010;2:92-102.
- 7. Dr.R.Manivannan, Mr.S.Kameshwaran, Mr.M.Sarbudeen, Mr.G.Sureshkumar, Mr.N.Elavarasan, Mrs.S.Harshini. Potency of Tecoma stans flowers on atherothrombosis (In Vitro). International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research Vol-8(2) 2020 150-154.
- 8. Kameshwaran.S, Dr.N.Sriram, Dr. Rajaneeekar Dasari, Asok Kumar DS, Abhenaya.K, Antihyperlipidemic activity of flower extract of Tecoma stans against dexamethasone-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Research Vol-8(3) 2020, 622-628.
- 9. S.Kameshwaran, R.Sundara Ganapathy, S.Arun, C.Dhanapal, Effects of Tecoma stans extract on hepatic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) markers in Streptozotocin induced diabetic albino rats. International Journal of Pharmacological screening methods, Vol 5 / Issue 2 / 2015 / 107-112.
- 10. S.Kameshwaran, R.Sundara Ganapathy, S.Arun, C.Dhanapal. Effect of ethanolic extract of Tecoma stans on learning and memory in normal and memory deficit animals. Asian J. Pharm. Res. Vol 5, Issue 3, 236-241, 2015.
- 11. Khandelwal KR, Kokate CK, Pawar AP, Gokhle SR. Practical Pharmacognosy techniques and experiments. Pune: Nirali Prakshan; 1996. p. 9.
- 12. Davies OL, Raventos J, Walpole AL. Method for evaluation of analgesic activity using rats. British J Pharmacol 1946;1:255-64.
- 13. Koster R, Anderson M, De Beer EJ. Acetic acid for analgesic screening. Proc Soc Exp Biol 1959;18:412-5.
- 14. Winter CA, Risley EA, Nuss GW. Carrageenan induced edema in hind paw of the rat as an assay for anti-inflammatory drugs. Proc Soc Exp Biol 1962;111:544-7.
- 15. WinderCV, Wax J, Scothi T, Scherrer RA, Short FW. Antiinflammatory, Antipyretic and Antiniciceptive properties of N-(2-3 xylyl) anthranilic acid. J Pharmacol Exp Thera 1962;138:405-13.
- 16. Swingle KF, Shideman FE. Phase of the inflammatory response to subcutaneous implantation of a cotton pellet and their modification by certain anti-inflammatory agents. J Pharmacol Exp Thera 1972;183:226-34.
- 17. Amico-Roxus M, Caruso A, Trombadore S, Scifo R, Scapagini U. Gangliosides antinoceptive effects in rodents. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1984;272:117. Back to cited text no. 17
- 18. Raj PP. Pain mechanism in pain medicine: A comprehensive review. In: Raj PP, editor. 1 st ed. Missouri: mosby-year book; 1996. p. 23. Back to cited text no. 18
- 19. Franzotti EM, Santos CV, Rodrigues HM, Mourao RH, Andrade MR, Antoniolli AR. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic activity and acute toxicity of Sida cordifolia L. (Malva- branca). J Ethnopharmacol 2000;72:273-7.
- 20. Shuanglin H, Osamu T, Hiroshi I. Intrathecal endomorphin- I produces antinociceptive modulated by alpha 2 adrenoceptors in rat tail flick, tail pressure and formalin test. Life Sci 2000;6:204.
- 21. Hernandez-Perez M, Rabanal Gallego R. Evaluation of the antiinflammatoryand analgesic activity of Sideritis canariensis var.pannosa in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;81:43-7.
- 22. Mehrotra BN, Rastogi RD. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants. Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow and National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, New Delhi; 2004. p. 188.
- 23. Nadkarni KM. Indian Materia Medica. 3 rd ed. Bombay: Popular Prakashan Private Limited; 2002. p. 552.
- 24. Swami KD, Bisht NP. Constituents of Tecoma stansand F. infectoria and their biological activity. J Indian Chem Soc 1996;73:631.
- 25. Das PC, Das A, Mandal S. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of the seed kernel of Mangifera indica. Fitoterapia 1989;60:235-40.
- 26. Ahmadiani A, Hosseiny J, Semnanian S, Javan M, Saeedi F, Kamalinejad M, et al. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruitextract. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;72:287-92.
- 27. Srivastava RC, Hussain MM, Hassan SK, Athar M. Green tea polyphenols and tannic acid act as potent inhibitors of phorbol esters-induced nitric oxide generation in rat hepatocytes independent of their antioxidant properties. Cancer Lett 2000;153:1-5.
References
1. Bohlin L. Structure-activity studies of natural products with anti-inflammatory effects. In: Hostettmann K, editor. Phytochemistry of Plants Used in Traditional Medicine. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1995. p. 137-61.
2. Yesilada E, Ustun O, Sezik E, Takaishi Y, Ono Y, Honda G. Inhibitory effects of Turkish folk remedies on inflammatory cytokines: interleukin-1, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. J Ethnopharmacol 1997;58:59-73.
3. Robert A, Hanchar AJ, Lancaster C, Nezamis JE. Prostacyclin inhibits enteropooling and diarrhea. In: Vane JR, Bergström S, editors. Prostacyclin. New York: Raven Press; 1979. p. 147-58.
4. Miller TA. Protective effects of prostaglandins against gastric mucosal damage: current knowledge and proposed mechanisms. Am J Physiol 1983;245:601-23.
5. Parrotta J A Healing plants of Pennisular india. CABI publishing 2001;701-02.
6. K.N.V Rao et al. establishment of two varieties in tecoma stans ofindian origin pharmacolognostically and pharmacologically. J.Phytology 2010;2:92-102.
7. Dr.R.Manivannan, Mr.S.Kameshwaran, Mr.M.Sarbudeen, Mr.G.Sureshkumar, Mr.N.Elavarasan, Mrs.S.Harshini. Potency of Tecoma stans flowers on atherothrombosis (In Vitro). International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences and Clinical Research Vol-8(2) 2020 150-154.
8. Kameshwaran.S, Dr.N.Sriram, Dr. Rajaneeekar Dasari, Asok Kumar DS, Abhenaya.K, Antihyperlipidemic activity of flower extract of Tecoma stans against dexamethasone-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Research Vol-8(3) 2020, 622-628.
9. S.Kameshwaran, R.Sundara Ganapathy, S.Arun, C.Dhanapal, Effects of Tecoma stans extract on hepatic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) markers in Streptozotocin induced diabetic albino rats. International Journal of Pharmacological screening methods, Vol 5 / Issue 2 / 2015 / 107-112.
10. S.Kameshwaran, R.Sundara Ganapathy, S.Arun, C.Dhanapal. Effect of ethanolic extract of Tecoma stans on learning and memory in normal and memory deficit animals. Asian J. Pharm. Res. Vol 5, Issue 3, 236-241, 2015.
11. Khandelwal KR, Kokate CK, Pawar AP, Gokhle SR. Practical Pharmacognosy techniques and experiments. Pune: Nirali Prakshan; 1996. p. 9.
12. Davies OL, Raventos J, Walpole AL. Method for evaluation of analgesic activity using rats. British J Pharmacol 1946;1:255-64.
13. Koster R, Anderson M, De Beer EJ. Acetic acid for analgesic screening. Proc Soc Exp Biol 1959;18:412-5.
14. Winter CA, Risley EA, Nuss GW. Carrageenan induced edema in hind paw of the rat as an assay for anti-inflammatory drugs. Proc Soc Exp Biol 1962;111:544-7.
15. WinderCV, Wax J, Scothi T, Scherrer RA, Short FW. Antiinflammatory, Antipyretic and Antiniciceptive properties of N-(2-3 xylyl) anthranilic acid. J Pharmacol Exp Thera 1962;138:405-13.
16. Swingle KF, Shideman FE. Phase of the inflammatory response to subcutaneous implantation of a cotton pellet and their modification by certain anti-inflammatory agents. J Pharmacol Exp Thera 1972;183:226-34.
17. Amico-Roxus M, Caruso A, Trombadore S, Scifo R, Scapagini U. Gangliosides antinoceptive effects in rodents. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1984;272:117. Back to cited text no. 17
18. Raj PP. Pain mechanism in pain medicine: A comprehensive review. In: Raj PP, editor. 1 st ed. Missouri: mosby-year book; 1996. p. 23. Back to cited text no. 18
19. Franzotti EM, Santos CV, Rodrigues HM, Mourao RH, Andrade MR, Antoniolli AR. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic activity and acute toxicity of Sida cordifolia L. (Malva- branca). J Ethnopharmacol 2000;72:273-7.
20. Shuanglin H, Osamu T, Hiroshi I. Intrathecal endomorphin- I produces antinociceptive modulated by alpha 2 adrenoceptors in rat tail flick, tail pressure and formalin test. Life Sci 2000;6:204.
21. Hernandez-Perez M, Rabanal Gallego R. Evaluation of the antiinflammatoryand analgesic activity of Sideritis canariensis var.pannosa in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;81:43-7.
22. Mehrotra BN, Rastogi RD. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants. Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow and National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, New Delhi; 2004. p. 188.
23. Nadkarni KM. Indian Materia Medica. 3 rd ed. Bombay: Popular Prakashan Private Limited; 2002. p. 552.
24. Swami KD, Bisht NP. Constituents of Tecoma stansand F. infectoria and their biological activity. J Indian Chem Soc 1996;73:631.
25. Das PC, Das A, Mandal S. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of the seed kernel of Mangifera indica. Fitoterapia 1989;60:235-40.
26. Ahmadiani A, Hosseiny J, Semnanian S, Javan M, Saeedi F, Kamalinejad M, et al. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruitextract. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;72:287-92.
27. Srivastava RC, Hussain MM, Hassan SK, Athar M. Green tea polyphenols and tannic acid act as potent inhibitors of phorbol esters-induced nitric oxide generation in rat hepatocytes independent of their antioxidant properties. Cancer Lett 2000;153:1-5.