Main Article Content
Abstract
The emerging SARS-CoV-2 virus is an RNA virus that causes COVID-19 infection and corresponds to the Coronaviridae family. The newly sequenced virus appears to have originated in China and quickly spread all over the world, resulting in a pandemic that killed over 3,385,526 people until May 16th, 2021. As a result, researchers all over the world are working on an efficient vaccine to combat this disease, which will be critical in reducing morbidity and mortality. Covid-19 cases have been steadily increasing around the world due to a vaccine shortage. In collaboration with Dr Reddy’s Laboratories (DRL), Hyderabad Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), a lab of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has developed 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) for the emergency use, as additive therapy for moderate to severe COVID-19 patients. The drug was found to be safe and improved the recovery of COVID-19 patients significantly. By Day 3, a large number of patients had progressed symptomatically and were no longer dependent on supplemental oxygen, suggesting early relief from Oxygen therapy or dependency.
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References
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References
1. Sharma A, Tiwari S, Deb MK, Marty JL. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): a global pandemic and treatments strategies. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;10:106054. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106054
2. Wang N, Shang J, Jiang S, Du L. Subunit vaccines against emerging pathogenic human coronaviruses. Front Microbiol. 2020;28(11):298. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00298
3. Hadjipanayis A, van Esso D, Del Torso S, et al. Vaccine confidence among parents: large scale study in eighteen European countries. Vaccine. 2020;38(6):1505–1512. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.068.
4. Wick, AN; Drury, DR; Nakada, HI; Wolfe, JB (1957). "Localization of the primary metabolic block produced by 2-deoxyglucose" (PDF). J Biol Chem. 224 (2): 963–969. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64988-9.
5. Merck Index, 11th Edition, 2886.
6. Pelicano, H; Martin, DS; Xu, RH; Huang, P (2006). "Glycolysis inhibition for anticancer treatment". Oncogene. 25 (34): 4633–4646. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.120959
7. Ralser, M.; Wamelink, M. M.; Struys, E. A.; Joppich, C.; Krobitsch, S.; Jakobs, C.; Lehrach, H. (2008). "A catabolic block does not sufficiently explain how 2-deoxy-D-glucose inhibits cell growth". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (46): 17807–17811. doi:10.1073/pnas.0803090105
8. Kurtoglu, M.; Gao, N.; Shang, J.; Maher, J. C.; Lehrman, M. A.; Wangpaichitr, M.; Savaraj, N.; Lane, A. N.; Lampidis, T. J. (2007-11-07). Under normoxia, 2-deoxy-D-glucose elicits cell death in select tumor types not by inhibition of glycolysis but by interfering with N-linked glycosylation. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics. 6 (11): 3049–3058. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0310..
9. Xi, Haibin; Kurtoglu, Metin; Liu, Huaping; Wangpaichitr, Medhi; You, Min; Liu, Xiongfei; Savaraj, Niramol; Lampidis, Theodore J. (2010-07-01). 2-Deoxy-d-glucose activates autophagy via endoplasmic reticulum stress rather than ATP depletion. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. 67 (4): 899–910. doi:10.1007/s00280-010-1391-0.
10. Defenouillère, Quentin; Verraes, Agathe; Laussel, Clotilde; Friedrich, Anne; Schacherer, Joseph; Léon, Sébastien (2019-09-03). The induction of HAD-like phosphatases by multiple signaling pathways confers resistance to the metabolic inhibitor2-deoxyglucose. Science Signaling. 12 (597):eaaw8000.doi:10.1126/scisignal.aaw8000
11. https://science.thewire.in/the-sciences/dcgi-drdo-2-dg-covid-19-treatment-phase-2-3-trials-shoddy-evidence/
12. https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/anti-covid-19-drug-2-deoxy-d-glucose-2-dg-and-its-working-1620642648-1.
13. Pajak, B.; Siwiak, E.; Sołtyka, M.; Priebe, A.; Zieliński, R.; Fokt, I.; Ziemniak, M.; Jaśkiewicz, A.; Borowski, R.; Domoradzki, T.; Priebe, W. 2-Deoxy-d-Glucose and Its Analogs: From Diagnostic to Therapeutic Agents. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010234.