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Abstract
In clinical practice peptic ulcer is the most prevalent disorder of gastrointestinal tract. A variety of antiulcer medications available, however all have the occurrence of relapses, adverse effects and reactions to medicines. The quest for new molecules was expanded to herbal drugs which give better protection and decreased relapse. The current research is to determine ability of Bacoside A, Withanolide A and Shatavarin IV ulcer-protective and ulcer-healing treatments. The impact of distinct phytoconstituents on expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ÿB) p65, levels of gastric myeloperoxidase (MPO), inflammatory cytokines: factor-α (TNF-α) level of tumor necrosis, level of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10(IL-10), level of gastric mucosal apoptosis caspase-3 and parameters of gastric oxidative stress were established against gastric injury induced by ethanol in rats. Bacoside A and Shatavarin IV pretreatment (200μg/ml/kg), withanolide A (20μg/m/kg) mitigated the intensity of gastric inflammation by curtailing the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) along with the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-μB) p65. This also raised the levels of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10(IL-10). With regard to gastric mucosal apoptosis, phytoconstituetns inhibited caspase-3 activity meanwhile; it halted gastric oxidative stress via lipid peroxide inhibition with concomitant glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant ability (TAC) enhancement. These results emphasize the gastro protective and gastric healing activities of phytoconstituents were mediated by concerted multi-pronged activities, including suppression of gastric inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, in addition to boosting the antioxidant parameters.