Article Sidebar

Submitted
Apr 16, 2021
Published
Apr 16, 2021
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 51 Download : 24

Main Article Content

Abstract

Ruta graveolens is a plant commonly found in north Africa and south Europe. It is reported  that Ruta graveolens is used traditionally for epilepsy and some other illnesses. The acute and sub-acute effects of alcoholic extract residue were tested  for possible antiepileptic  and skeletal muscle relaxation activity. The effect of extract on rat spontaneous motor activity (SMA) was also investigated using open filed. We previously proved the anticonvulsant activity of the plant against pentylenetetrazol and electrically induced  convulsions. Therefore in this study strychnine  was used to induce convulsions in order to explore the mechanism of anticonvulsant activity of the plant. The skeletal muscle relaxation activity of Ruta graveolens was studied using pull-up and rod hanging tests in rats. At concentration of 5%w/v  the extract protected mice against strychnine induced myoclonic jerks and death. The pull-up and rod hanging tests pointed to a skeletal muscle relaxant activity at higher concentrations. Ruta graveolens extract also significantly decreased the  number of squares visited by rats in open field apparatus at all tested concentrations (7.5-20%w/v). However, the significant decrease in number of rearings was noticed at concentrations of above 10%w/v.  The results indicate that Ruta graveolens contains compound(s) capable to inhibit convulsions, decrease SMA  and/or diminish skeletal muscle tone in animal models. This data and the previously generated data together point to a general depression trend of CNS produced by  Ruta graveolens.

Keywords

Ruta graveolens Strychnine Spontaneous motor activity Skeletal muscle relaxation

Article Details

How to Cite
Shaban E. A. Saad, Suher M. Aburawi, Isabel Fong, Salem O. Abdalla, Abdurrahim A. Elouzi, Hend M. Shubar, & Madiha T. Al-gadamsy. (2021). Studying the effects of Ruta graveolens on spontaneous motor activity, skeletal muscle tone and strychnine induced convulsions in albino mice and rats. International Journal of Research in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics, 4(1), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.61096/ijrpp.v4.iss1.2015.53-58
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. [1] Saad, S.E.A., et al., Effect of Ruta graveolens on pentylenetetrazol and electrically induced convulsions in albino mice. International journal of research in pharmacology and pharmacotherapy., 2014. 3(3): p. 5.
  2. [2] Karamat, F., et al., CYP98A22, a phenolic ester 3'-hydroxylase specialized in the synthesis of chlorogenic acid, as a new tool for enhancing the furanocoumarin concentration in Ruta graveolens. BMC Plant Biol, 2012. 12(152): p. 152.
  3. [3] Vialart, G., et al., A 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase from Ruta graveolens L. exhibits p-coumaroyl CoA 2'-hydroxylase activity (C2'H): a missing step in the synthesis of umbelliferone in plants. Plant J, 2012. 70(3): p. 460-70.
  4. [4] Waynforth, H.B. and P.A. Flecknell, Experimental and surgical technique in the rat. 2 ed. 1992, London: Academic press limited.
  5. [5] Ivinskis, A., A study of validity of open-field measures. Aust J Psycho. 1970.
  6. [6] Taylor, D.P., Buspirone, a new approach to the treatment of anxiety. FASEB J, 1988. 2(9): p. 2445-52.
  7. [7] Robbins, T.W., Reward enhancement by psychomotor stimulant drugs [proceedings]. Neuropharmacology, 1977. 16(7-8): p. 529-30.
  8. [8] Deacon, R.M. and C.R. Gardner, The pull-up test in rats: a simple method for evaluating muscle relaxation. J Pharmacol Methods, 1984. 11(2): p. 119-24.
  9. [9] Markowska, A.L., E.L. Spangler, and D.K. Ingram, Behavioral assessment of the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM P8 and R1). Physiol Behav, 1998. 64(1): p. 15-26.
  10. [10] Longo, V.G. and S. Chiavarelli, Pharmacological analysis of central nervous action, in Neuropharmcological analysis of strychnine-like drugs, W.D.M.e. (paton, Editor. 1962, Pergamon- oxford: Proceedings of the first international pharmacological meeting. p. 189-198.
  11. [11] Kelley, A.E., et al., Cholinergic stimulation of the ventrolateral striatum elicits mouth movements in rats: pharmacological and regional specificity. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 1989. 99(4): p. 542-9.
  12. [12] Kelley, A.E. and C.G. Lang, Effects of GBR 12909, a selective dopamine uptake inhibitor, on motor activity and operant behavior in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol, 1989. 167(3): p. 385-95.
  13. [13] Fielding, S., and H. Lal. , Behavioral actions of neuroleptics. Neuroleptics and schizophrenia (Handbook of psychopharmacology). Vol. vol 10.. 1978., New York.: Plenum Press,.
  14. [14] Jackson, A. and S.J. Cooper, Observational analysis of the effects of kappa opioid agonists an open field behaviour in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 1988. 94(2): p. 5.
  15. [15] Jankel, M., et al., Open field locomotion and neurotransmission in mice evaluated by principal component factor analysis-effects of housing condition, individual activity disposition and psychotropic drugs. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2000. 24(1): p. 5.
  16. [16] Markel, A.L., G.Y. K., and V.M. Efimov, Factor analysis of rat behavior in an open field test. Neuroscience and behavioral physiology, 1989. 19(4): p. 7.
  17. [17] Hobbs, w.R., T.W. Rall, and T.A. Verdoorn, Hypnotics and sedatives; ethanol, in Goodman and Gilman: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, J.G. Hardman, et al., Editors. 1996, McGraw-Hill. p. 361-396.
  18. [18] Prince, D.A., Topical convulsant drugs and metabolic antagonists, in Experimental models of epilepsy-a manual for the laboratory, D.P. Purpura, et al., Editors. 1972, Worker. Raven: New York. p. 51-83.
  19. [19] Stone, W.E., chemical convulsants and metabolic derangements, in Experimental models of epilepsy-a manual for laboratory worker, D.P. Purpura, et al., Editors. 1972, Raven: New York. p. 407-432.
  20. [20] Aprison, M.H., K.B. Galvez-Ruano E Fau - Lipkowitz, and K.B. Lipkowitz, Identification of a second glycine-like fragment on the strychnine molecule. (0360-4012 (Print)).