International Journal of Research in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics

Advancements in Multiple Sclerosis Research: From Pathogenesis to Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Fri, 12 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This comprehensive review explores the intricate landscape of multiple sclerosis (MS), a complex autoimmune disease affecting millions worldwide. Beginning with an analysis of its etiology, including genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune dysregulation, the article delves into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MS, highlighting inflammation, neurodegeneration, and gliosis as central features. Clinical presentations and diagnostic considerations are discussed, emphasizing the diverse neurological symptoms and objective findings encountered in MS patients. The review further examines current management strategies, focusing on disease-modifying drugs and emerging therapies such as botanical extracts, probiotics, and novel immunomodulatory agents. Insights from preclinical studies investigating the therapeutic potential of natural compounds like Hypericum perforatum, Panax ginseng, Nigella sativa, and ginger are presented alongside discussions on bee venom and blueberries as potential adjunctive treatments. Finally, the article explores ongoing clinical trials evaluating innovative therapeutic approaches targeting immune dysregulation in MS. Through a multidimensional lens, this review offers valuable insights into the complexities of MS pathogenesis and the evolving landscape of therapeutic interventions

Phytochemical Screening and Anti-Parkinsonian Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of the Ruellia Tuberosa Leaves in Rats.

Gayathri C, Tamilselvan G, Senthil Kumar K L — Wed, 17 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the antiparkinsonian activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Ruellia tuberosa leaves in rats using suitable animal models.

Methods: The Ruellia tuberosa plant was collected from the market and authenticated. The leaves were dried, ground, and extracted with 90% v/v ethanol and distilled water. The phytochemical analysis was conducted using various tests. Catalepsy was induced in rats using Rotenone and HART was administered orally to the treatment group. The behavioral changes were assessed using the hole board test for catalepsy, motor coordination test by rotarod, and locomotor activity by actophotometer.

Results: The hydroalcoholic extract of Ruellia tuberosa (HART) showed antiparkinsonian activity in rats. The catalepsy induced by Rotenone was reduced in the treatment group, as observed in the hole board test and motor coordination test. The locomotor activity was also improved in the treatment group.

Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the hydroalcoholic extract of Ruellia tuberosa leaves possesses antiparkinsonian activity and could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism of action and safety of this extract.

Formulation Optimization and Characterization of Colon Specific Delivery System for Effective Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Milind Mahajan, Shweta Shrivas, Rakesh Patel, Jeevan Patel, Gaurav Jain — Sat, 20 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of the study was To design, formulate and evaluate Colon Specific Delivery System tablets of Mesalamine which is effective in Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. The present work is aimed at preparation and evaluation of Colon Specific Delivery System tablets of Mesalamine using using HPMC K 100, Eudragit S 100 as polymers in varying ratios. The tablets were evaluated for its Thickness, Hardness, Friability, Friability, Disintegration and in vitro drug release studies. The FTIR studies revealed no chemical interaction between the drug molecule and polymers and found that drug was compatible with used polymer. In vitro drug release study confirms that formulation F9 was the best formulation as it releases 98.81 % at the end of 10 hr. This confirms the developed Mesalamine tablet is promising for Colon Specific Delivery System.

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential: A Thorough Survey on the Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Borassus flabellifer leaf

P.S Farhana, K. Ponnudurai, N. Venkateshan — Sat, 27 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Palmae is the family that includes the tall palm tree Borassus flabellifer Linn. It inhabits the tropical regions of Africa. All of its parts, including the roots, leaves, inflorescence, flowers, fruits, and seeds, are potentially medicinally valuable, making it a most precious gift to humanity. Updating Borassus flabellifer Linn's compressive potential overview was the primary objective of the current investigation. The medicinal qualities of the different plant sections are also emphasized in the review paper. It possesses antibacterial and anti-diabetic properties in its roots, according to the review. Plant leaves have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects, among other pharmacological characteristics. The male inflorescence of the plant exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, analgesic, and antipyretic characteristics. The pharmacological effects of plant fruits are diverse and include immunomodulatory, wound healing, antioxidant, anthelmintic, diuretic, and antimicrobial and antibacterial, antiarthritic activity, hypertensitivity. Antimicrobial, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties are displayed by the seed coat. The phytochemical, pharmacological screening, and use are included in this study.

Design, Development and Evaluation of Extended Release Acetazolamide Tablet

Deepak Kolankar, Shweta Shriwas, Rakesh Patel, Shabnam Khan, Jeevan Patel — Sat, 27 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In the study, antiepileptic drug was selected for designing extended release matrix tablets. Pre-Formulation studies were done with Acetazolamide. Compatibility was done before choosing the excipients for the study with physical observation and FTIR studies. The samples were charged in stability chambers at conditions 30°C/65%RH and 40°C/75%RH for 30 days. All the pre-formulation studies and compatibility studies were found to be satisfactory. So formulation trials were followed with the selected excipients. Blend for ER formulation was prepared by wet granulation method. Hypromellose K4M and Hypromellose K15M were used as release retarding polymers for optimizing the formula.Six trials were taken to optimize the release of Acetazolamide in ER form to be within specifications. F5 is the optimized formula with 11.66% concentration of HPMC K15M polymer which optimized the drug release profile as per predetermined specificatons. A reproducibility trial F6 was performed to check the reproducibility of process of drug release as per F5.For the ER form, Other excipients include povidone as binder, Lactose monohydrate as diluent, colloidal silicon dioxide as glidant and Magnesium stearate as Lubricant. Instacoatyellow was used as ready mix. Post-Compression analysis of all formulations like Hardness, Weight variation, Friability and Assay were within the limits for all the formulations. In- vitro dissolution studies were performed by HPLC method revealed that the formulation F5 released the drug as per the specifications. Kinetic Model fitting was done by plotting graphs for Zero-Order kinetics, First-Order kinetics, Higuchi’s Kinetic model and Korsemeyer - Peppas kinetic model. The formulation selected was F5 which has shown the release rate of the drug by First order kinetics and follows matrix diffusion controlled mechanism. Accelerated stability studies are being performed