Main Article Content
Abstract
Heliotropium indicum Linn belongs to Boraginaceae, is an annual herb commonly known as Indian Heliotrope. H.indicum is native to Asia, Tamil Nadu, India and is widely used in traditional medicine. In Kancheepuram district of Tamilnadu, India, tribal communities used this plant to treat skin infections, poisonous animal bites,stomach related problems and nervous diseases. Phytochemical report on H.indicum revealed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, sterols, amines and volatile oils. The plant is reported to possess antibacterial, antitumor, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and diuretic activity. The fresh leaves of Heliotropium indicum were authenticated, collected, shade dried coarsely powdered and extracted with hydroalcohol. The extract was concentrated and stored in airtight container for further use. The aim of this study was to characterize the bioactive molecules in H.indicum leaves extract using Gas chromatography –mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS chromatogram showed bioactive molecules which may attribute to pharmacological properties.
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References
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References
1. Sohan Lal, Jenita Laikhuram, Borasha Moran and Sanjeet Kumar.2023,Indian turnsole Heliotropium indicum L.: A Medicinal herb of India,Medico Bio –Wealth of India,vol XII;ISBN: 978-81-967170-2-5
2. Chellaiah M, Muniappan A, Nagappan R, Savarimuthu I. 2006 ,Medicinal plants used by traditional healers in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu, Indian J Ethnobiol Ethnomed.2:43. DOI:10.1186/1746-4269-2-43
3. Kumar Pandi P, Ayyanar M, Ignacimuthu S.2007, Medicinalplants used by Malasar tribes of Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 6(4):579-582. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-2-43
4. Das Kumar Ajit, Dutta KB, Sharma DG.2008, Medicinal plants used by different tribes of Cachar district, Assam, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 7(3):446-454. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:130532398
5. Giron L, Freira V, Alonzo A, Caceres A.1991, Ethnobotanical survey of Medicinal flora used by the Caribs of Guetmala, J Ethnopharmacol, 34(2/3):173-187. DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(91)90035-c
6. Togola A, Diallo D, Dembélé S, Barsett H, Paulsen BS.2005, Ethnopharmacological survey of different uses of seven medicinal plants from Mali, (West Africa) in the regions Doila, Kolokani and Siby, J Ethnobiol Ethnomedicine, 1(1):7. doi: 10.1186/1746-4269-1-7.
7. Asprey GF, Thornton P.1955, Medicinal plants of Jamaica, Part-III. West Indian Med J,4(4):69-82. PMID: 13257077
8. Ayensu ES.1978, Medicinal plants of the West Indies. J Pharm 1(2):100. DOI:10.2307/1222001
9. Sarkar C,Mondal M,Khanom B,Hossain MM,Sureda A,Islam MT,Martorell M,Kumar M,Sharifi-Rad J,Al-Rawahi A.2021, Heliotropium indicum L.: From Farm to a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Activity. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. doi: 10.1155/2021/9965481
10. Anupam R.2015,Pharmacological activities of Indian heliotrope(Heliotropium indicum L.):A review .J Pharmacol Phytochem ,4:101-104.
11. Brintha S, Rajesh S, Renuka R, Santhanakrishnan VP and Gnanam R. 2017, Phytochemical analysis and bioactivity prediction of compounds in methanolic extracts of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 6(4): 192-197. https://www.semanticscholar.org/ Corpus ID: 53459308
12. Md. Walid Hossain B,Sharmin Sultana B.2022, Ruellia prostrata Poir activity evaluated by phytoconstituents, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial activity, and in silico molecular functions. Journal of Saudi Chemical SocietyVolume 26, Issue 1. Author links open overlay panel . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101401
13. https://materiasl-properties.org/heptanoic acid accessed on 8Aug2024
14. Asif Husain, Mohammad A, Naseer, Mohammad Sarafroz. 2009, Synthesis and Anticonvulsant activity of some novel fused hetrocyclic 1,2,4triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutical drug research. 66(2),135-140. https://www.semanticscholar.org Corpus ID: 96747776
15. Hasanain Khaleel Shareef, Haidar J Muhammed, Haider Mashkoor Hussein, Imad Hadi Hameed. Antibacterial effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) roscoe and bioactive chemical analysis using gas chromatography mass spectrum Oriental Journal of Chemistry. 2016; 32 (2): 817-837. Doi: 10.13005/ojc/320207
16. Zahid Munawar, Kashif ur Rehman Khan. Synthesis, characterization, and molecular docking studies of novel hippuric acid anhydrides as potential antiurolithic, analgesic and free radical scavenging agents.Journal of Saudi Chemical Society. 2024;28(5). Doi:10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101902
17. Guniz Kucukguzel S. Recent advances bioactive 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2015; 97: 830-870. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.033.
18. Gasem Mohammad Abu-Taweel,Munjed Ibrahim M. Medicinal Importance and Chemosensing Applications of Pyridine Derivatives: A Review. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry. 2022; 54(3): 599-616. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2089839.
19. https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov accessed on 8Aug 2024
20. https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov accessed on 8Aug 2024
21. https://phytochem.nal.usda .govaccessed on 8Aug 2024
22. https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov accessed on 8Aug 2024
23. Teresa Glomb and Piotr Swiatek P. Antimicrobial Activity of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(13):69-79. Doi: 10.3390/ijms22136979.
24. Aparna V, Dileep KV, Mandal PK, Karthe P, Sadasivan C. Anti-inflammatory property of n-hexadecanoic acid: structural evidence and kinetic assessment. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2012; 80:434-9. Doi:10.1111/j.1747-0285.2012.01418.x
25. Asif Husain, Mohammad Asif, Rubin Bhutani, Manni Dutta. Triazolothiadiazoles as antimicrobial agent: A short review World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2013;1(4):138-150. https://www.semanticscholar.org Corpus ID: 46621912
26. Sakina Yagi, Randa Babiker, Tzvetomira Tzanova. Chemical composition, antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils from aromatic plants growing in Sudan Original research. 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.06.009.
27. Shahab Khan. Exploring the Chemistry, Reactions, Applications, and Biomedical Potentials of 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde and 2-Chlorobenzaldehyde. Fine Chemical Engineering. 2024; 5(2): 345. Doi: https://doi.org/10.37256/fce.522024485
28. Ali Alrabie, Samreen Farooqui, Vidya Pradhan, Mazahar Farooqui. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry investigation of bioactive compounds and bioassay of leaves of Vigna mungo (l.) Hepper. Indian J Appl Res. 2022; 12: 1-5. Doi: 10.36106/ijar
29. Lali Lingfa , Srinivas Ankanagari. GC-MS Profiling of reproductive stage Withania somnifera for antimicrobial and anticancer phytochemicals. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal. 2023; 16 (1): 197-211. Doi:10.13005/bpj/2601
30. Dae Hyun Kim, Min Hi Park,Yeon Ja Choi, Ki Wung Chung, Ki Wung Chung. Molecular Study of Dietary Heptadecane for the Anti-Inflammatory Modulation of NF-kB in the Aged Kidney Plos one. 2013;8(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059316
31. Tulika Tyagi, Mala Agarwal. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of bioactive constituents in the ethanolic extract of Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) solms Journal of Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry. 2017; 6(1): 195-206.