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Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the antiparkinsonian activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Ruellia tuberosa leaves in rats using suitable animal models.
Methods: The Ruellia tuberosa plant was collected from the market and authenticated. The leaves were dried, ground, and extracted with 90% v/v ethanol and distilled water. The phytochemical analysis was conducted using various tests. Catalepsy was induced in rats using Rotenone and HART was administered orally to the treatment group. The behavioral changes were assessed using the hole board test for catalepsy, motor coordination test by rotarod, and locomotor activity by actophotometer.
Results: The hydroalcoholic extract of Ruellia tuberosa (HART) showed antiparkinsonian activity in rats. The catalepsy induced by Rotenone was reduced in the treatment group, as observed in the hole board test and motor coordination test. The locomotor activity was also improved in the treatment group.
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the hydroalcoholic extract of Ruellia tuberosa leaves possesses antiparkinsonian activity and could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism of action and safety of this extract.
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References
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- 6. Safitri A, Fatchiyah F, Sari DRT, Roosdiana A. Phytochemical Phytochemical screening, in vitro anti-oxidant activity, and in silico anti-diabetic activity of aqueous extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L. J Appl Pharm Sci, 2020;10(03):101-108.
- 7. Goldman-Rakic PS. The frontal lobes: Uncharted provinces of the brain. Trends in Neurosciences. 1984 Nov 1;7(11):IN1.
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- 10. Khan S and Ansari I: Antiparkinsonian activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the stems of Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2021; 12(10): 5388-95. doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.12(10).5388-95.
- 11. Shaheen Khan and Imtiyaz Ansari, Antiparkinsonian Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of The Stems of Capparis Decidua (Forssk.) Edgew, Ijpsr, 2021; Vol. 12(10): 5388-5395.
- 12. Subramanian SS, Nair AGR. “Apigenin glycoside from Thunbergia fragrans and Ruellia tuberosa. Current science. 1974; p.480.
- 13. Chen FA, Wu AB, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Hsieh CY. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Ruellia tuberosa. Food Chem. 2006; 94: 14–18.
- 14. Singh RS, Pandey HS and Singh BK, Pandey RP. A new triterpenoid from Ruellia tuberosa Linn., Indian Journal of Chemistry. 2002; 41B: 1754–56
- 15. Andhiwal CK. Chandra Haas Varshney RP. Phytochemical investigation of Ruellia tuberosa L. Indian drugs. 1985; 23: 49.
- 16. Arambewela LSR, Thambugala R and Ratnasooriya WD. Gastroprotective activity of Ruellia tuberosa root extract in rats. Journal of tropical medicinal plants, 2003; 4(2): 191–194.
- 17. Ashraful Alam M, Nusrat Subhan et. Al Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Ruellia tuberosa. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2009; 47(3): 209–214.
- 18. Arun S, Giridharan P, Suthar A, Kulkarni-Almeida A, Naik V, Velmurugan R, Ram V, et. Al., Isolation of Tylocrebrine from Ruellia tuberosa through bioassay directed column chromatography and elucidating its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory potential. Book of Abstracts, 7th Joint Meeting of GA, AFERP, ASP, PSI & SIF, Athens, Greece. 2008; p.25.
- 19. Chen FA, Wu AB, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Hsieh CY. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Ruellia tuberosa. Food Chem. 2006; 94: 14–18.
- 20. Wiart C, Hannah M, Yassim M, Hamimah H, Sulaiman M. Anti-microbial activity of Ruellia tuberosa L. American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2005; 33(4): 683–685.
References
1. Lamptey RNL, Chaulagain B, Trivedi R, Gothwal A, Layek B, Singh J. A Review of the Common Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Therapeutic Approaches and the Potential Role of Nanotherapeutics. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 6;23(3):1851. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031851. PMID: 35163773; PMCID: PMC8837071.
2. Khare CP. Indian medicinal plants: an illustrated dictionary. Springer Science & Business Media; 2008 Apr 22.
3. Kritikar KR and Basu BD. Indian medicinal plants.1935; 3:1866–67.
4. Suseela L and Prema S. Pharmacognostic study on Ruellia tuberosa. Journal of Medicinal and aromatic Plant sciences. 2007; 29: 117–122.
5. Li N, Ragheb K, Lawler G, Sturgis J, Rajwa B, Melendez JA, et al. Mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:8516–25. https://doi. org/10.1074/jbc.M210432200.
6. Safitri A, Fatchiyah F, Sari DRT, Roosdiana A. Phytochemical Phytochemical screening, in vitro anti-oxidant activity, and in silico anti-diabetic activity of aqueous extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L. J Appl Pharm Sci, 2020;10(03):101-108.
7. Goldman-Rakic PS. The frontal lobes: Uncharted provinces of the brain. Trends in Neurosciences. 1984 Nov 1;7(11):IN1.
8. Sharma A, Kumar A, Singh AK, Singh H, Kumar KJ, Kumar P. Phytochemical Profiling and Pharmacological Evaluation of Leaf Extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L.: An In Vitro and In Silico Approach. ChemBiodivers. 2023 Sep;20(9): e202300495. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202300495. Epub 2023 Aug 29. PMID: 37539766.
9. Daya L Chothani, MB Patel, SH Mishra, HU Vaghasiya, Review on Ruellia tuberosa (Cracker plant), Pharmacognosy Journal, Volume 2, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 506-512, ISSN 0975-3575, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0975-3575(10)80040-9.
10. Khan S and Ansari I: Antiparkinsonian activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the stems of Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2021; 12(10): 5388-95. doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.12(10).5388-95.
11. Shaheen Khan and Imtiyaz Ansari, Antiparkinsonian Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of The Stems of Capparis Decidua (Forssk.) Edgew, Ijpsr, 2021; Vol. 12(10): 5388-5395.
12. Subramanian SS, Nair AGR. “Apigenin glycoside from Thunbergia fragrans and Ruellia tuberosa. Current science. 1974; p.480.
13. Chen FA, Wu AB, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Hsieh CY. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Ruellia tuberosa. Food Chem. 2006; 94: 14–18.
14. Singh RS, Pandey HS and Singh BK, Pandey RP. A new triterpenoid from Ruellia tuberosa Linn., Indian Journal of Chemistry. 2002; 41B: 1754–56
15. Andhiwal CK. Chandra Haas Varshney RP. Phytochemical investigation of Ruellia tuberosa L. Indian drugs. 1985; 23: 49.
16. Arambewela LSR, Thambugala R and Ratnasooriya WD. Gastroprotective activity of Ruellia tuberosa root extract in rats. Journal of tropical medicinal plants, 2003; 4(2): 191–194.
17. Ashraful Alam M, Nusrat Subhan et. Al Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Ruellia tuberosa. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2009; 47(3): 209–214.
18. Arun S, Giridharan P, Suthar A, Kulkarni-Almeida A, Naik V, Velmurugan R, Ram V, et. Al., Isolation of Tylocrebrine from Ruellia tuberosa through bioassay directed column chromatography and elucidating its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory potential. Book of Abstracts, 7th Joint Meeting of GA, AFERP, ASP, PSI & SIF, Athens, Greece. 2008; p.25.
19. Chen FA, Wu AB, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Hsieh CY. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Ruellia tuberosa. Food Chem. 2006; 94: 14–18.
20. Wiart C, Hannah M, Yassim M, Hamimah H, Sulaiman M. Anti-microbial activity of Ruellia tuberosa L. American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2005; 33(4): 683–685.