Main Article Content

Abstract

Chronic liver disease encompasses a spectrum of liver conditions spanning fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite advancements in conventional medicine, growing emphasis is placed on phytomedicine by researchers. Herbal medicine's allure stems from its perceived potential for both treating and preventing ailments, fueled by the notion that it's a safe and "natural" alternative to conventional treatments. This review offers a thorough and systematic examination of current knowledge concerning the role of conventional medicinal herbs and phytochemicals in addressing chronic liver diseases. It also highlights the potential challenges that warrant future investigation. With chronic liver diseases being a complex and pressing health issue, this review contributes to the evolving understanding of herbal interventions and underscores the necessity for rigorous research to substantiate their effectiveness and safety.

Keywords

Liver cirrhosis Platelet-derived growth factor Hepatitis Kupffer cells matrix metalloproteinase 2

Article Details

How to Cite
Thaila R, Jayalakshmi J, Rajeev T, Muthukumar M, Danyalakshmi PGS, Velmani C, & Senthil Raja M. (2023). Retrospective herbal accession on liver cirrhosis: current insights and future prospects. International Journal of Research in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics, 12(3), 197-204. https://doi.org/10.61096/ijrpp.v12.iss3.2023.197-204

References

  1. 1. Roguin A. Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec. Clin Med Res. 2006;4(3):230-5. doi: 10.3121/cmr.4.3.230, PMID 17048358.
  2. 2. Friedman SL. Molecular regulation of hepatic fibrosis, an integrated cellular response to tissue injury. J Biol Chem. 2000;275(4):2247-50. doi: 10.1074/jbc.275.4.2247, PMID 10644669.
  3. 3. Li CP, Lee FY, Hwang SJ, Chang FY, Lin HC, Lu RH et al. Spider angiomas in patients with Liver cirrhosis: role of alcoholism and impaired Liver function. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1999;34(5):520-3. doi: 10.1080/003655299750026272, PMID 10423070.
  4. 4. Qu Y, Zong L, Xu M, Dong Y, Lu L. Effects of 18alpha-glycyrrhizin on tgf-beta1/smad signaling pathway in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(2):1292-301. Google Scholar, PMID 25973013.
  5. 5. Schuppan D, Afdhal NH. Liver cirrhosis. Lancet Seminar on Liver Cirrhosis. 2008;371(9615):838-51. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60383-9, PMID 18328931.
  6. 6. Rodriguez, Rosin RKrowka, MJ., Herve, P., Fallon, MB. Pulmonary – Hepatic Vascular Disorders. Eur.Respir.J., 2004, 24(5): 861-880.
  7. 7. Mohan H. Liver and digestive disease. In: Text book of pathology. 5th ed. Delhi: Jayapee Publication. p. 608-24.
  8. 8. Riley TR, Taheri M, Schreibman IR. Does weight history affect fibrosis in the setting of chronic liver disease? J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2009;18(3):299-302. PMID 19795023.
  9. 9. Wang X, Lin SX, Tao J, Wei XQ, Liu YT, Chen YM et al. Study of liver cirrhosis over ten consecutive years in southern china. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(37):13546-55. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i37.13546, Google Scholar, PMID 25309085.
  10. 10. Mokdad AA, Lopez AD, Shahraz S, Lozano R, Mokdad AH, Stanaway J et al. Liver cirrhosis mortality in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010: A systematic analysis. BMC Med. 2014;12:145. doi: 10.1186/s12916-014-0145-y, Google Scholar, PMID 25242656.
  11. 11. Pruszczynski A. Histogenesis and pathological anatomy of liver cirrhosis. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 1962;32:1379-88. Google Scholar, PMID 13972377.
  12. 12. Bataller R, Schwabe RF, Choi YH, Yang L, Paik YH, Lindquist J; et al. NADPH oxidase signal transduces angiotensin II in hepatic stellate cells and is critical in hepatic fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 2003;112(9):1383-94. doi: 10.1172/JCI18212, Google Scholar, PMID 14597764.
  13. 13. Marra F, Arrighi MC, Fazi M, Caligiuri A, Pinzani M, Romanelli RG et al. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation differentially regulates platelet-derived growth factor’s actions in hepatic stellate cells, and is induced by in vivo liver injury in the rat. Hepatology. 1999;30(4):951-8. doi: 10.1002/hep.510300406, Google Scholar, PMID 10498647.
  14. 14. Schnabl B, Kweon YO, Frederick JP, Wang XF, Rippe RA, Brenner DA. The role of smad3 in mediating mouse hepatic stellate cell activation. Hepatology. 2001;34(1):89-100. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2001.25349, Google Scholar, PMID 11431738.
  15. 15. Marra F, Efsen E, Romanelli RG, Caligiuri A, Pastacaldi S, Batignani G; et al. Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma modulate profibrogenic and proinflammatory actions in hepatic stellate cells. Gastroenterology. 2000;119(2):466-78. doi: 10.1053/gast.2000.9365, Google Scholar, PMID 10930382.
  16. 16. Zhang BJ, Xu D, Guo Y, Ping J, Chen LB, Wang H. Protection by and anti-oxidant mechanism of berberine against rat liver fibrosis induced by multiple hepatotoxic factors. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2008;35(3):303-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04819.x, Google Scholar, PMID 17973934.
  17. 17. Li J, Pan Y, Kan M, Xiao X, Wang Y, Guan F et al. Hepatoprotective effects of berberine on liver fibrosis via activation of amp-activated protein kinase. Life Sci. 2014;98(1):24-30. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.12.211, Google Scholar, PMID 24412384.
  18. 18. Wang N, Feng Y, Cheung F, Chow OY, Wang X, Su W et al. A comparative study on the hepatoprotective action of bear bile and coptidis rhizoma aqueous extract on experimental liver fibrosis in rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012;12:239. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-239, Google Scholar, PMID 23190573[Green Version].
  19. 19. Guo C, Xu L, He Q, Liang T, Duan X, Li R. Anti-fibrotic effects of puerarin on ccl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats possibly through the regulation of ppar-gamma expression and inhibition of pi3k/akt pathway. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;56:436-42. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.051, Google Scholar, PMID 23500774.
  20. 20. Li R, Xu L, Liang T, Li Y, Zhang S, Duan X. Puerarin mediates hepatoprotection against ccl4-induced hepatic fibrosis rats through attenuation of inflammation response and amelioration of metabolic function. Food Chem Toxicol Int J Publ Br Ind Biol Res Assoc. 2013;52:69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.059, Google Scholar, PMID PubMed.
  21. 21. Zhang S, Ji G, Liu J. Reversal of chemical-induced liver fibrosis in Wistar rats by puerarin. J Nutr Biochem. 2006;17(7):485-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.09.002, Google Scholar, PMID 16426832.
  22. 22. Qu Y, Zong L, Xu M, Dong Y, Lu L. Effects of 18alpha-glycyrrhizin on tgf-beta1/smad signaling pathway in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(2):1292-301. Google Scholar, PMID 25973013.
  23. 23. Manns MP, Wedemeyer H, Singer A, Khomutjanskaja N, Dienes HP, Roskams T et al. Glycyrrhizin in patients who failed previous interferon alpha-based therapies: biochemical and histological effects after 52 weeks. J Viral Hepat. 2012;19(8):537-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01579.x, Google Scholar, PMID 22762137.
  24. 24. Serviddio G, Bellanti F, Stanca E, Lunetti P, Blonda M, Tamborra R et al. Silybin exerts antioxidant effects and induces mitochondrial biogenesis in liver of rat with secondary biliary cirrhosis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2014;73:117-26. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.05.002, Google Scholar, PMID 24819445.
  25. 25. Parajuli DR, Zhao YZ, Jin H, Chi JH, Li SY, Kim YC et al. Anti-fibrotic effect of PF2401-sf, a standardized fraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza, in thioacetamide-induced experimental rats liver fibrosis. Arch Pharm Res. 2015;38(4):549-55. doi: 10.1007/s12272-014-0425-2, Google Scholar, PMID 25005065.
  26. 26. Nan JX, Park EJ, Kim YC, Ko G, Sohn DH. Scutellaria baicalensis inhibits liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation or carbon tetrachloride in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2002;54(4):555-63. doi: 10.1211/0022357021778673, Google Scholar, PMID 11999134.
  27. 27. Pan TL, Wang PW, Leu YL, Wu TH, Wu TS. Inhibitory effects of Scutellaria baicalensis extract on hepatic stellate cells through inducing g2/m cell cycle arrest and activating erk-dependent apoptosis via bax and caspase pathway. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;139(3):829-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.028, Google Scholar, PMID 22210104.
  28. 28. Sun H, Che QM, Zhao X, Pu XP. Antifibrotic effects of chronic baicalein administration in a ccl4 liver fibrosis model in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010;631(1-3):53-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.01.002, Google Scholar, PMID 20079350.
  29. 29. Allard T, Wenner T, Greten HJ, Efferth T. Mechanisms of herb-induced nephrotoxicity. Curr Med Chem. 2013;20(22):2812-9. doi: 10.2174/0929867311320220006, Google Scholar, PMID 23597204.
  30. 30. Imanshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Berberis vulgaris and its active constituent, berberine. Phytother Res. 2008;22(8):999-1012. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2399, Google Scholar, PMID 18618524.